2017
DOI: 10.1108/igdr-07-2016-0031
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Democracy and international financial integration in Pakistan

Abstract: Purpose The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between international financial integration (IFI) index and democracy (DEM) in Pakistan by using long-time series data from 1975 to 2013. Design/methodology/approach The IFI index is constructed by principal component analysis. IFI consists of foreign direct investment (FDI), remittances (REM) and external debt (ED), whereas the Polity IV index is used for DEM. Johansen and the autoregressive distributed lag method for cointegration methods … Show more

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Cited by 3 publications
(3 citation statements)
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References 57 publications
(32 reference statements)
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“…All the modelled equations were estimated using the fully modified ordinary least squares model (FMOLS) in line with Stock and Watson (), Kao and Chiang (), Pedroni (), and Jawaid (). For robustness, results of FMOLS were also compared with the Arellano and Bover ()/Blundell Bond () generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…All the modelled equations were estimated using the fully modified ordinary least squares model (FMOLS) in line with Stock and Watson (), Kao and Chiang (), Pedroni (), and Jawaid (). For robustness, results of FMOLS were also compared with the Arellano and Bover ()/Blundell Bond () generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Counterproductive work behavior is defined as such type of behavior that disregard the rules norms of organization and its purpose is to harm the organization or people working their Counterproductive work behavior can take different forms of violence, deviance, revenge, cyber loafing (Habib-ur-Rehman et al 2017). In order to get free of this type of behavior, it is very difficult for us to point out its possible antecedents ( Jawaid et al 2017). Counterproductive work behavior is not only a single type of behavior but also aggregated set of behaviors.…”
Section: Literature Review Counterproductive Work Behaviormentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A null hypothesis have been assumed i.e. there is no cointegration among the selected variables (Jawaid, Abbas, & Saleem, 2017). To explore out the long run relationship between considered variables Johansen and Juselius (1990) cointegration test has been used.…”
Section: Long Run Relationship Analysis Cointegrationmentioning
confidence: 99%