Demodex

Hom, Milton M.; Mastrota, Katherine M.; Schachter, Scott

doi:10.1097/opx.0b013e3182968c77

Cited by 32 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…However, the detection of Demodex spp. on eyelashes accompanied by cylindrical dandruff increases the possibility of detection [7]. A study by Randon et al [48] using in vivo confocal microscopes (IVCM) showed the reliability and effectiveness for the detection of ocular demodicosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The symptoms accompanying demodicosis are slight redness and dryness of the skin, as well as conjunctivitis, dysfunction of Meibomian glands, and dry eye syndrome [4,5,6,7]. Demodex folliculorum occur in clusters near the roots of eyelashes and hair follicles, whereas D. brevis usually occurs singly in sebaceous glands and Meibomian glands [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Demodex spp. in students and employees of the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin

Dolegowska¹

2019

Pomeranian Journal of Life Sciences

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Introduction: Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis are mites living in the hair follicles and sebaceous glands of humans, with infestation usually being asymptomatic. In the present study the prevalence and number of mites, together with influencing factors of Demodex infestation, were investigated in students and personnel of the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin in Poland (PUM). The prevalence of 2 Demodex species, Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis, was compared in epilated eyelashes and skin scrapings derived from healthy volunteers.Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 217 healthy volunteers – females and males. The study group consisted of 114 students and 103 employees of PUM. From each study participant, 2–3 eyelashes from each lid were epilated. From 99 volunteers, skin scrapings and/or secretions from sebaceous glands were also obtained. Demodicosis was diagnosed when Demodex eggs, larvae or adult mites were identified under microscopic examination.Results: The infestation rate of Demodex (in epilated eyelashes and skin) among the 217 volunteers was 21%. Prevalence of hair follicle mites among personnel and students were 28% and 14% respectively. The mean number of mites among the 217 patients was 2.52 ±2.48 (3.16 ±2.9 in PUM personnel and 1.46 ±0.83 in students). The infestation rate increased with age (p = 0.0005). Demodex folliculorum infested 78% (p = 0.005) of the participants and 87.5% of epilated eyelashes (p = 0.000001). Demodex brevis was more frequent on the skin (67%; p = 0.00001). Hair follicle mites were detected more often in epilated eyelashes originating from the lower lid (p = 0.000001). Moreover, a weak correlation between the presence of selected symptoms (blepharedema, conjunctivitis, burning and itching of eyelids) and Demodex infestation was observed. There was no statistically significant association between Demodex infestation and an influencing factor: work using a microscope (p = 0.92).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Demodex spp. in students and employees of the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin

Dolegowska¹

2019

Pomeranian Journal of Life Sciences

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“…Characteristic collarettes or cylindrical dandruff (CD) around the eyelash base are considered to be a sign ocular demodicosis [2]. Demodex has a recognised association with anterior blepharitis and is believed to play a role in the perpetuation of ocular surface inflammation and dry eye disease [3][4][5]. Recently, numerous treatment [6,7] and diagnostic [3,8,9] options have emerged.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Demodex has a recognised association with anterior blepharitis and is believed to play a role in the perpetuation of ocular surface inflammation and dry eye disease [3][4][5]. Recently, numerous treatment [6,7] and diagnostic [3,8,9] options have emerged. While the topical application of tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) is the most commonly agreed management strategy [7], a consensus on the optimal diagnostic technique for confirming mite presence, is lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, adoption of the eyelash rotation technique in routine clinical applications appears not to be widespread, and no direct comparison between the various clinical diagnostic methods has been reported. Other diagnostic alternatives include in vivo confocal microscopy [3,8,9] although this requires costly equipment unavailable to the majority of clinicians.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improved Demodex diagnosis in the clinical setting using a novel in situ technique

Müntz

Purslow

Wolffsohn

et al. 2020

Contact Lens and Anterior Eye

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A B S T R A C TPurpose: To compare existing and novel diagnostic techniques for confirming ocular Demodex infestation and to recommend the most reliable method for routine use by eye care practitioners, based on yield and clinical applicability. Methods: Fifteen participants with a prior Demodex blepharitis diagnosis or featuring typical cylindrical dandruff (CD) collarettes, and seven healthy controls were enrolled. Demodex presence was assessed using five techniques, applied consecutively, on a minimum of two different eyelashes on each eyelid of every participant, for each test, in situ: 1. using fine-point forceps and 25-40x biomicroscopy magnification, by eyelash rotation as proposed by Mastrota (ROT); 2. by removing cylindrical dandruff and exposing the eyelash insertion point at the lid margin (CDR); and 3. by laterally tensioning the eyelash (LET) following CDR. The typical appearance of cigar-shaped mite tails protruding from each assessed eyelash follicle was observed, and mite tails counted and averaged per participant for each assessment technique. 4. Lash epilation, and mite presence evaluated using bright-field microscopy at 10-40x magnification (EPI). 5. Finally, eyelash follicles were imaged using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) and the images visually inspected for mite presence. Results: In the Demodex group, the highest numbers of mites/eyelash were identified by LET (3.8 ± 1.4), versus CDR (2.4 ± 1.6) and ROT (1.1 ± 1.2), alone (all p < 0.002). An average of 1.0 ± 0.8 mites/lash was identified by EPI. IVCM failed to offer unequivocal evidence of Demodex presence even in confimed cases. Conclusions: A novel technique for the clinical diagnosis and grading of Demodex in situ is described. By removing cylindrical dandruff and applying static, lateral tension to the eyelash without epilation, large numbers of mites are visible at the exposed eyelash follicle. The proposed method is convenient and clinically applicable, requiring only forceps and 25-40x biomicroscope magnification, and allowing rapid, efficient evaluation of large numbers of eyelashes.

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Ocular Parasitic Infections

Rathinam

Kamath²

2016

Uveitis: An Update

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Demodex

Abstract: Following a clinical sequence helps identify Demodex, the underdiagnosed, undertreated, and underappreciated ocular surface disease.

Cited by 32 publications

References 30 publications

Prevalence of Demodex spp. in students and employees of the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin

Prevalence of Demodex spp. in students and employees of the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin

Improved Demodex diagnosis in the clinical setting using a novel in situ technique

Ocular Parasitic Infections

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