Demodex Mite Infestation and its Associations with Tear Film and Ocular Surface Parameters in Patients with Ocular Discomfort

Rabensteiner, Dieter Franz; Aminfar, Haleh; Boldin, Ingrid; Nitsche-Resch, Marianne; Berisha, Bujar; Schwantzer, Gerold; Horwath‐Winter, Jutta

doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2019.03.007

Cited by 52 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In a study conducted by Post and coworkers, Demodex was observed in 84% of the general population aged 60 years and 100% of the general population aged above 70 years [ 38 ]. However, there are some studies with similar prevalence, for example 40.2% of patients suffering from ocular discomfort [ 49 ]. Lower prevalence of Demodex infestation in our study may be explained by the fact that patients selected for the cataract surgery take more attention to the lid hygiene, than normal population of patients at this age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Ocular Demodicosis and Ocular Surface Conditions in Patients Selected for Cataract Surgery

Nowomiejska

Łukasik

Brzozowska

et al. 2020

JCM

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The aim of the study was to analyze the prevalence of ocular demodicosis and ocular surface conditions in patients selected for cataract surgery. Eyelashes from 73 patients selected for cataract surgery were evaluated at × 40 and × 100 magnification using light microscopy. The anterior segment was assessed with the slit lamp. Additionally, Schirmer I and break up time (BUT) tests were carried out before surgery and 1 and 3 months postoperatively. A specially designed questionnaire containing e.g. information about chronic skin and eye diseases, previous ophthalmic surgeries, and patient's hygiene habits was used to assess the demographic variables. A majority of patients were at the age of 70–79 years, and there were more females (83%) in the study group. Demodex folliculorum was found in 48% of the patients. There was a correlation between the number of parasites and the presence of blepharitis, discharge at eyelid margins, and conjunctival hyperemia. Schirmer I and BUT test results were lower in patients with Demodex infestation before and after cataract surgery. The higher number of mites was correlated with lower Schirmer I test results postoperatively. The presence of Demodex mites influences the conjunctiva and lid margins leading to inflammation. The higher number of Demodex mites disturbs the tear film over time after cataract surgery.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Ocular Demodicosis and Ocular Surface Conditions in Patients Selected for Cataract Surgery

Nowomiejska

Łukasik

Brzozowska

et al. 2020

JCM

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“…The therapeutic strategies against demodex are based on reducing or eradicating the parasites, and include topical application of topical tea tree oil (TTO) and metronidazole ointment. However, significant alterations of tear film and tear cytokine levels have been observed in patients with demodex blepharitis ( 13 , 14 ). Even if the demodex die, the pathogenic bacteria they carry can continue to cause inflammatory reactions, so anti-inflammatory treatment is equally important as mite reduction treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Demodex Infestation and Ocular Surface Microbiota in Patients With Demodex Blepharitis

Yan

Yao

et al. 2020

Front. Med.

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Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the ocular microbial communities in humans with and without demodex blepharitis in order to elucidate the relationship between ocular microorganisms and demodex infestation. Methods: Bacterial 16S rRNA genes of conjunctival sac samples from 30 demodex blepharitis patients and 14 healthy controls were sequenced using a pyrosequencing method, and their bacterial community structures were compared by bioinformatics. Results: Bacterial community clustering of conjunctival sac in the demodex blepharitis group were significantly distinct from the healthy control group, with significantly higher relative abundances of Firmicutes and Corynebacterium at the phyla level, as well as higher abundances of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium at the genus level. The relative abundance of Staphylococcus epidermidis (0.07–2.27%) was positively correlated with the demodex amount and modified OSDI. The major potential factors contribute to demodex blepharitis were Bacilli, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, Lactobacillus and Streptophyta. Conclusions: Patients with demodex blepharitis have varying degrees of bacterial microbiota imbalance in the conjunctival sac. Demodex serving as vectors to transfer both skin and environmental flora might be the potential mechanism. In addition, the number and type of demodex affect the specific ocular surface bacteria, presenting as ocular discomfort and obvious signs of blepharitis.

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“…29,33 There is a strong association between ocular demodicosis and ocular surface inflammatory conditions such as blepharitis, chalazia, and keratitis as well as MGD. 29,32,34,35 The pathogenesis of Demodex infestation has remained unclear; [36][37][38] however, this is in part because demodicosis has a high agedependent prevalence and is present frequently in asymptomatic individuals. 29 Demodex mites are resistant to a wide range of antiseptic agents, including 75% alcohol, 10% povidone-iodine, and erythromycin.…”

Section: Lid Hygienementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the eye, D. folliculorum is found preferentially in the lash follicles and D. brevis in lash sebaceous glands 1981. There is a strong association between ocular demodicosis and ocular surface inflammatory conditions such as blepharitis, chalazia, and keratitis as well as MGD 2019. The pathogenesis of Demodex infestation has remained unclear;2000 however, this is in part because demodicosis has a high age‐dependent prevalence and is present frequently in asymptomatic individuals 2010…”

Section: Treatment Modalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐pharmaceutical treatment options for meibomian gland dysfunction

Arita

Fukuoka

2020

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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This review examines currently available non-pharmaceutical treatment modalities for meibomian gland dysfunction. A detailed search of the PubMed and MEDLINE databases was performed to identify original articles in English that have evaluated such nonpharmaceutical therapies in patients with this condition. Conventional therapies such as application of a warming compress, the practice of lid hygiene, and manual expression of meibomian glands as well as more technologically advanced approaches such as intraductal probing, thermal pulsation, and intense pulsed light therapy are included in the review. These non-pharmaceutical treatment options may each have a role to play in the management of meibomian gland dysfunction, but more studies are necessary to compare treatments directly under identical experimental conditions in order to determine their relative efficacy. Additional large-scale, randomised, controlled trials are also required to provide more information such as the specific indications best suited to each treatment modality, the efficacy of such approaches in combination with pharmaceutical-based therapy, and the mechanisms of action of some of the more technologically advanced systems.

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Demodex Mite Infestation and its Associations with Tear Film and Ocular Surface Parameters in Patients with Ocular Discomfort

Cited by 52 publications

References 27 publications

Prevalence of Ocular Demodicosis and Ocular Surface Conditions in Patients Selected for Cataract Surgery

Prevalence of Ocular Demodicosis and Ocular Surface Conditions in Patients Selected for Cataract Surgery

Association Between Demodex Infestation and Ocular Surface Microbiota in Patients With Demodex Blepharitis

Non‐pharmaceutical treatment options for meibomian gland dysfunction

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