Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Campylobacter Bacteremia in Children With and Without Predisposing Factors

Ben‐Shimol, Shalom; Carmi, Adi; Greenberg, David

doi:10.1097/inf.0b013e31829baae0

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…We found two cases of bacteraemia due to Campylobacter. Very few previous studies have described Campylobacter bacteraemia in Israel or elsewhere [9][10][11] . Bacteraemia is a rare finding of Campylobacter gastroenteritis in immunocompetent children, but it has been found in several cases of immunocompromised children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Campylobacter gastroenteritis in children in north-eastern Israel comparison with other common pathogens

Sakran

Hexner-Erlichman

Spiegel

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Gastroenteritis is common among children. Campylobacter jejuni is one of the main causative bacterial pathogens, together with Shigella, Salmonella and invasive Escherichia coli. campylobacteriosis is a zoonotic, usually self-limited disease that does not always require antibiotic treatment. In cases of protracted diarrhoea in healthy children or immunocompromised patients, antibiotic treatment is recommended, and the drug of choice is still macrolides, with very low resistance rates in Campylobacter species. However, it is crucial to isolate the causative organism, because some cases, such as Shigella encephalitis, call for initiation of empiric antibiotic treatment. In this study, we compared the incidence, epidemiology, clinical findings and laboratory results of gastroenteritis with dysentery caused by these organisms in children in our area. C. jejuni was found to be the leading pathogen in children hospitalized with bacterial gastroenteritis, followed by Shigella and Salmonella. Macrolides were the drug of choice for Campylobacter, and ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin were the best empiric treatments for Shigella and Salmonella, respectively. Acute bacterial gastroenteritis is a common disease in infants and children. The clinical presentation includes fever, diarrhoea, bloody stool, vomiting, dehydration and abdominal pain. Campylobacter species, Shigella, Salmonella and invasive Escherichia coli are the main bacterial organisms causing acute infection in the gastrointestinal tract 1. Campylobacter organisms are thin curved Gram-negative non-spore-forming rods. The Campylobacter group includes 26 species: the most frequent types that cause disease in humans are Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter fetus 2 , these are also the most common types in Israel 3. Campylobacteriosis is a zoonotic disease, with wild birds, poultry and domestic pets as the main reservoirs. Outbreaks are often linked to contaminated water, unpasteurized milk products, consumption of under-cooked chicken, environmental exposure and contact with farm animals 4. It is difficult to differentiate acute gastroenteritis caused by Campylobacter from gastroenteritis caused by Shigella or Salmonella based only on clinical signs or routine blood analysis; stool culture provides the definitive diagnosis of the causative organism. In cases of severe dehydration, toxic appearance, signs of sepsis and gastroenteritis caused by Shigella or Salmonella, initiation of empiric antibiotic treatment, such as third-generation cephalosporin, is required; in cases suspected of Shigella encephalitis, empiric treatment is also recommended. Third-generation cephalosporin has no effect against Campylobacter 4. Campylobacter is considered the causative organism in most cases of bacterial gastroenteritis in young children. It is usually a self-limited disease and does not always require antibiotic treatment. In cases of protracted diarrhoea in healthy children, or infection in immunocompromised patients, antibiotic treatment is recommended, and ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Campylobacter gastroenteritis in children in north-eastern Israel comparison with other common pathogens

Sakran

Hexner-Erlichman

Spiegel

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…In contrast, a 10-year nationwide study in Finland concluded that C. jejuni and C. coli bacteremias affect predominately younger individuals without major underlying diseases (206). The disease generally results from a single gastroenteritis complication in children or as recurrent episodes in immunocompromised children without gastrointestinal symptoms (207). A number of Campylobacter species, including C. jejuni, C. coli, C. fetus, and C. upsaliensis, have also been associated with sepsis in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised children and adults (208)(209)(210).…”

Section: Bacteremia and Septicemiamentioning

confidence: 97%

Global Epidemiology of Campylobacter Infection

et al. 2015

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SUMMARY Campylobacter jejuni infection is one of the most widespread infectious diseases of the last century. The incidence and prevalence of campylobacteriosis have increased in both developed and developing countries over the last 10 years. The dramatic increase in North America, Europe, and Australia is alarming, and data from parts of Africa, Asia, and the Middle East indicate that campylobacteriosis is endemic in these areas, especially in children. In addition to C. jejuni , there is increasing recognition of the clinical importance of emerging Campylobacter species, including Campylobacter concisus and Campylobacter ureolyticus . Poultry is a major reservoir and source of transmission of campylobacteriosis to humans. Other risk factors include consumption of animal products and water, contact with animals, and international travel. Strategic implementation of multifaceted biocontrol measures to reduce the transmission of this group of pathogens is paramount for public health. Overall, campylobacteriosis is still one of the most important infectious diseases that is likely to challenge global health in the years to come. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the global epidemiology, transmission, and clinical relevance of Campylobacter infection.

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“…The clinical manifestations of C. coli bacteremia have only rarely been reported. Previous studies have shown that patients with immunocompromising factors, like our patient, tend to suffer from recurrent C. coli bacteremia without gastrointestinal symptoms ( 7 , 31 ). Cutaneous involvement is less recognized and may often be overlooked as a presentation of Campylobacter bacteremia ( 32 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Emergence of Carbapenem Non-susceptible <i>Campylobacter coli</i> after Long-term Treatment against Recurrent Bacteremia in a Patient with X-linked Agammaglobulinemia

et al. 2018

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We herein report a case of recurrent Campylobacter coli bacteremia in a 37-year-old Japanese man with X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA). The patient experienced seven episodes of C. coli bacteremia over one year, with an erythematous rash intermittently emerged on the lower limbs. Although hospitalization for intravenous treatment was repeatedly recommended, he obstinately declined it. Following long-term oral antibiotic treatment with tebipenem and faropenem for the persistent infection, C. coli showed elevated minimum inhibitory concentrations to meropenem, a key drug for severe campylobacteriosis. Physicians should note that the overuse of antibiotics can lead to the emergence of carbapenem-non-susceptible Campylobacter strains.

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Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Campylobacter Bacteremia in Children With and Without Predisposing Factors

Cited by 16 publications

References 17 publications

Campylobacter gastroenteritis in children in north-eastern Israel comparison with other common pathogens

Campylobacter gastroenteritis in children in north-eastern Israel comparison with other common pathogens

Global Epidemiology of Campylobacter Infection

Emergence of Carbapenem Non-susceptible <i>Campylobacter coli</i> after Long-term Treatment against Recurrent Bacteremia in a Patient with X-linked Agammaglobulinemia

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