Demographic and clinicopathological profile of gall bladder cancer patients: Study from a tertiary care center of the sub-himalayan region in indo-gangetic belt

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Gall bladder cancer (GBC) accounts for 80%-95% of biliary tract malignancies in the world. There is however striking variability in the global incidence of gallbladder cancer, reaching epidemic levels for some regions and ethnicities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic and clinicopathological profile of the gallbladder cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients of carcinoma gall bladder presenting to department of surgery in hepatopancreaticobiliary unit from July 2017 to November 2020 were included in this study. A proforma containing all the relevant details including history, examination, blood, radiology, and pathological investigations was filled. RESULTS: A total of 326 patients of GBC were analyzed. The majority (75%) were found to be females with a mean age of 55 years. Pain abdomen was the most common presenting symptom in 81% of patients. The most common stage of presentation was stage IV and only 6 were in stage I. Two hundred and thirty three (71.4%) patients had metastatic disease at presentation. Liver infiltration at the time of diagnosis was present in 89% of patients. The most common site of metastasis was found in the liver (23.3%). GBC was more common in patients with A blood group. Baseline serum albumin levels were found to be significantly associated with the staging of GBC. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the non specific symptoms patients of GBC present at very advanced stages, high index of suspicion and health education seems to play an important role in early detection and improvement of survival.

Clinical and pathological profile of Gallbladder Cancer (GBC) and Gallstone disease GSD) among the patients admitted in tertiary care institute in Kolkata

“…In our study GBC was most commonly found in the 41-60 years age group and approximately 70% of cases were above 50 years of age. The mean age was 54 years which was similar to study done in Uttarakhand by Gupta A et al 10 In our evaluation of stages of GBC; 33% of the patients (8 out of 24 patients) were in stage II, while 29% (7 out of 24 patients) were having stage IIIB. Only 25% (6 out of 24 patients) presented in stage I disease, suggesting GBC to be a disease of advanced presentation.…”

“…Whereas, Gupta A et al and Rawla P et al in their studies reported that majority of patients belonged to advanced stage (stage III & IV) of cancer. 10,15 This difference may be due to variation in geographical distribution or difference in sample size of the studies. Over 80% of GBC are adenocarcinomas arising from fundus (60%), followed by body and neck.…”

“…9 As the Gangetic Belt of India is a land of high incidence of both GSD and GBC, there may be some association between the two disease conditions. 10 Thus, the aim of the present study was to study the epidemiological and pathological profile of GSD and GBC patients of Eastern India visiting tertiary care hospital of Kolkata.…”

Characteristics and outcomes of gallbladder cancer patients at the Tata Medical Center, Kolkata 2017–2019

“…For IGBC, radical cholecystectomy needs to be performed within 6–8 weeks of the first surgery, 27 but the majority of patients at TMC presented later than that, often with metastatic disease. The lower incidence of IGBC previously reported 11 suggests that patients are presenting at more advanced stages. Nevertheless, the insidious onset with non‐specific symptoms makes an early diagnosis difficult and most patients still present with advanced disease.…”

Histopathological changes in gall bladder mucosa in relation to the number, and size of gallstones, and analysis of the findings in the context of age distribution of the patients: A perspective

“…The average age of GB cancer patients was 55 ± 16 yr, much older than the overall average age of 39.5 yr. Univariate analysis performed for age comparison among GB cancer and other cases of cholelithiasis found the p-value (< 0.001) to be significant, signifying age to be a risk factor for GB carcinoma. Gupta et al [11] noted that the average age in gall bladder cancer was 51 ± 11 yr while Rathore et al [12] found the average age to be 52.4 yr. The mean age of presentation of GB carcinoma in India is younger than the average age in the USA and western European countries [13].…”