Demographic and Health Changes During the Transition to Agriculture in North America

Bocquet‐Appel, Jean‐Pierre; Naji, Stephan; Bandy, Matthew

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6424-1_10

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Adult prevalence of cribra orbitalia at Yin is 26.8% (n = 142). From an extensive literature review, cribra orbitalia in adults appears to increase in prevalence through time and with each demographic transition [ 111 , 118 – 120 ]. In the Yellow River valley of China cribra orbitalia starts at earlier Neolithic sites (9000 to 5000BP) with values between zero and 25% [ 106 , 107 ](but also see [ 121 ]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteoarchaeological Studies of Human Systemic Stress of Early Urbanization in Late Shang at Anyang, China

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Through the analysis of human skeletal remains and mortuary practice in Yinxu, this study investigates the impact of early urbanization on the commoners during the Late Shang dynasty (ca. 1250–1046 B.C.). A total of 347 individuals examined in this study represent non-elites who were recovered from two different burial contexts (formally buried in lineage cemeteries and randomly scattered in refuse pits). Frequencies of enamel hypoplasia (childhood stress), cribra orbitalia (childhood stress and frailty) and osteoperiostitis (adult stress) were examined to assess systemic stress exposure. Our results reveal that there was no significant difference in the frequency of enamel hypoplasia between two burial groups and between sexes, suggesting these urban commoners experienced similar stresses during childhood, but significantly elevated levels of cribra orbitalia and osteoperiostitis were observed in the refuse pit female cohort. Theoretically, urbanization would have resulted in increased population density in the urban centre, declining sanitary conditions, and increased risk of resource shortage. Biologically, children would be more vulnerable to such physiological disturbance; as a result, high percentages of enamel hypoplasia (80.9% overall) and cribra orbitalia (30.3% overall) are observed in Yin commoners. Adults continued to suffer from stress, resulting in high frequencies of osteoperiostitis (40.0% total adults); in particular, in the refuse pit females who may also reflect a compound impact of gender inequality. Our data show that the non-elite urban population in the capital city of Late Shang Dynasty had experienced extensive stress exposure due to early urbanization with further social stratification only worsening the situation, and eventually contributing to collapse of the Shang Dynasty.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteoarchaeological Studies of Human Systemic Stress of Early Urbanization in Late Shang at Anyang, China

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…migration patterns), population size and density (Renfrew, 2009; Riede, 2009). In addition to genetic information of human remains, archaeological site and non-genetic artefact data are frequently used as proxies in palaeodemography (Bocquet-Appel, 2008; Chamberlain, 2009). Numerous authors have performed time-series analyses of summed radiocarbon date frequencies to estimate changes in prehistoric population dynamics in different parts of the world (see Brown, 2015; Dolukhanov et al, 2002; Müller et al, 2014 and references therein).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-temporal distribution of hunter–gatherer archaeological sites in the Hokkaido region (northern Japan): An overview

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The spatio-temporal distribution of archaeological sites in the Hokkaido region reveals hunter–gatherer population dynamics from the Upper Palaeolithic (>14,000 cal. yr BP) through the Neolithic/Jomon and Epi Jomom period ( c. 14,000–1300 cal. yr BP) to the historic Ainu period ( c. 700–100 cal. yr BP). It appears that most cultural transitions coincide with periods of climate and environmental change. However, this observation does not automatically mean causality and, therefore, other potential driving factors must be checked. The data support the hypothesis that Palaeolithic subsistence was (at least partly) based on terrestrial hunting. Paralleled by lateglacial climate amelioration, rising sea levels and a change in marine currents, this strategy shifted towards marine resources and plant exploitation at the beginning of the Jomon period. Along with continuous Holocene climate warming, Hokkaido’s Neolithic Jomon population increased culminating in the Middle Jomon period (5000–4000 cal. yr BP). Simultaneously, Jomon subsistence underwent a process of diversification and intensification in exploitation of food resources. This practice probably allowed the persistence of the Middle Jomon culture beyond the Holocene temperature optimum (around 5000 cal. yr BP). Thereafter, the population decreased until the end of the Jomon culture accompanied by a trend towards cooler climate conditions and a shift in subsistence towards a more narrow range of food resources with increased hunting and less plant food. Population re-increased during the Satsumon/Okhotsk culture periods (1500–700 cal. yr BP), which may be the result of Okhotsk immigration because of climate cooling in the regions north of Hokkaido and enhanced inner-Hokkaido trade (between Satsumon and Okhotsk) and trade with communities outside Hokkaido. During the Ainu period ( c. 700–100 cal. yr BP), site, and possibly population numbers, re-decreased significantly and concentrated in eastern Hokkaido. Whether social and/or climatic factors brought about the Satsumon–Ainu cultural transition and the observed change in population pattern remains unresolved.

show abstract

“…Because STA is considered to include many individuals with leprosy, the low proportion of immature skeletons poses questions (juvenility index: 5-14 yrs/20+ yrs = 0.103; 15P5 ratio = 5-19 yrs/5+ yrs = 0.119) (Bocquet-Appel, 2008;Bocquet-Appel et al, 2008). The absence of child burials cannot be attributed to taphonomic processes, especially when compared to other secular sites (Table 1).…”

Section: Infertility and Maternal Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The leprosarium of Saint-Thomas d’Aizier: The cementochronological proof of the medieval decline of Hansen disease in Europe?

Blondiaux¹,

Naji

Bocquet‐Appel³

et al. 2016

International Journal of Paleopathology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

a b s t r a c tThis study compares the adult survivorship profiles of people interred in the Saint-Thomas d'Aizier leprosarium, estimated by cementochronology, to eight archaeological series in northern France dated from Late Antiquity to the Late Middle Ages, periods of significant visibility for Hansen's disease (leprosy). The goals are to understand the impact of leprosy on various social groups and to explore the cause of leprosy's decline by analyzing male and female fertility. Survival rates differed between medieval leprosy-free sites and the Saint-Thomas d'Aizier leprosarium, although this difference was statistically significant only for the female leprosarium sample. The selective female frailty, a consequence of social exclusion and the collapse of the quality of life, combined with the infertility of lepromatous couples, offer a multi-causal explanation to the end of the expansion and then decline of leprosy in southern and western European countries.© 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. IntroductionDemographic factors related to leprosy in the past have been relatively underexplored, yet the disease is known to impact mortality and fertility. We therefore suspect that changes in demographic parameters played a role in the decline of this disease. Clinical analyses highlight the major role of specific pathologies on mortality and morbidity, such as suicide, tuberculosis (TB), renal insufficiency, and cancer (Tokudome et al., 1981). In addition, the possibility that couples affected by leprosy would have a lower fertility due to male infertility has been raised since the early 20th century (McCoy, 1913). McCoy was the first to discuss the frequency of orchiepididymitis (inflammation of the testicles) in lepromatous patients. The same year, Barbézieux (1913) argued that the decline of leprosy and its disappearance during the 17th century in France was due to the legal requirement that lepromatous persons and their descendants (i.e., "cagots") marry affected * Corresponding author. Tel.: +33 3 27 82 74 39.E-mail addresses: jblondiaux@nordnet.fr (J. Blondiaux), stephan.naji@gmail.com (S. Naji), jean-pierre.bocquet-appel@evolhum.cnrs.fr (J.-P. Bocquet-Appel), thomas.colard@free.fr (T. Colard), ameliedebroucker@hotmail.fr (A. de Broucker), cecile.niel@unicaen.fr (C. de Seréville-Niel).partners, in addition to male infertility. More recently, Beiguelman (1967) collected a large demographic dataset on leprosy patients and concluded that since orchiepididymitis is frequent among lepromatous males, many were rendered sterile. However, in the fertile fraction of lepromatous males, fecundity was similar to that of healthy males. Women's fertility, however, seemed to be unaffected, as demonstrated by the comparable spontaneous abortion rates observed between lepromatous and healthy females. Leprosy induced male infertility and a possible increased mortality of males and females due to leprosy and other pathogens should therefore be explored to assess their respective effects on the disease's 17th century dec...

show abstract

Demographic and Health Changes During the Transition to Agriculture in North America

Cited by 21 publications

References 25 publications

Osteoarchaeological Studies of Human Systemic Stress of Early Urbanization in Late Shang at Anyang, China

Osteoarchaeological Studies of Human Systemic Stress of Early Urbanization in Late Shang at Anyang, China

Spatio-temporal distribution of hunter–gatherer archaeological sites in the Hokkaido region (northern Japan): An overview

The leprosarium of Saint-Thomas d’Aizier: The cementochronological proof of the medieval decline of Hansen disease in Europe?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About