Demographic and Human Development in the Middle East and North Africa

Engelhardt-Wölfler, Henriette; Schulz, Florian; Buyukkececi, Zafer

doi:10.20378/irbo-50993

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Restricting women to roles as mothers and wives leads to high social pressure on women to marry and bear children (Tadros, 2010). While fertility has declined substantially since the 1980s in the MENA region (Eltigani, 2009;Engelhardt et al, 2018), motherhood remains nearly universal, and marriage is "a culturally defined precondition" for the transition to parenthood (Gebel & Heyne, 2014, p. 189). In Egypt, the most populous MENA country, the total fertility rate declined from 4.5 in 1988 to 3.0 in 2008 before increasing to 3.5 in 2014 (Ambrosetti et al, 2021) and then falling again to 3.1 in 2018 (Krafft et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women's agency and childbirth: The effect of transition to motherhood and subsequent births on women's agency in Egypt

Friedrich

2023

JFamRes

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Objective: This study investigates whether women’s agency changes with birth transitions in Egypt and if this change differs by education or rural vs. urban residence. Background: In the patriarchal context of Egypt, childbearing is almost universal and essential for women’s social position; therefore, it is a potentially relevant factor for agency. However, research on the relationship between childbirth and agency is rare, and little is known about the circumstances under which childbirth might increase agency. Method: Drawing on longitudinal data from the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey (2006, 2012, 2018), this study uses fixed effects regression models to estimate the link between birth transitions and women’s agency. Results: The results show that the transition from having one child to having at least two children is positively associated with women's decision-making power but not their financial autonomy or freedom of movement. This positive relationship is stronger for low-educated women and those living in rural areas than for women with at least an intermediate education and those living in urban areas. Indeed, women living in urban areas have less agency after childbirth. Conclusion: Overall, the results indicate that birth transitions might affect agency, although not across all dimensions, and that the potential positive impact on agency is substantial only for women who are more restricted to the mother role and live in more patriarchal contexts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women's agency and childbirth: The effect of transition to motherhood and subsequent births on women's agency in Egypt

Friedrich

2023

JFamRes

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“…Coastal regions represent magnificent lands for urbanization because of their distinct locations between inland and sea for logistical, recreational activities, and cultural exchanges. Simultaneously, the population growth is becoming so quick, especially in developing countries (e.g., the Middle East and North Africa, MENA), leading to high population density in coastal cities than in hinterlands (Balk et al, 2009;Engelhardt et al, 2018). interventions (Singh, 1989;Alberti et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-temporal analysis of Coastal Urbanization and Land Cover Changes in Suez City, Egypt Using Remote Sensing and GIS

Gemail

Sugita

Saada

et al. 2022

Frontiers in Scientific Research and Technology

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Type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence studies in women of childbearing age in the Middle East and North Africa, 2000–2018

et al. 2019

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BackgroundInvesting in women’s health is an inevitable investment in our future. We systematically reviewed the available evidence and summarized the weighted prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and pre-diabetes mellitus (pre-DM) in women of childbearing age (15–49 years) in the Middle East and North African (MENA) region.MethodsWe comprehensively searched six electronic databases to retrieve published literature and prevalence studies on T2DM and pre-DM in women of childbearing age in the MENA. Retrieved citations were screened and data were extracted by at least two independent reviewers. Weighted T2DM and pre-DM prevalence was estimated using the random-effects model.ResultsOf the 10,010 screened citations, 48 research reports were eligible. Respectively, 46 and 24 research reports on T2DM and pre-DM prevalence estimates, from 14 and 10 countries, were included. Overall, the weighted T2DM and pre-DM prevalence in 14 and 10 MENA countries, respectively, were 7.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.1–9.0) and 7.6% (95% CI, 5.2–10.4). In women sampled from general populations, T2DM prevalence ranged from 0.0 to 35.2% (pooled, 7.7%; 95% CI, 6.1–9.4%) and pre-DM prevalence ranged from 0.0 to 40.0% (pooled, 7.9%; 95% CI, 5.3–11.0%). T2DM was more common in the Fertile Crescent countries (10.7%, 95% CI, 5.2–17.7%), followed by the Arab Peninsula countries (7.6%, 95% CI, 5.9–9.5%) and North African countries and Iran (6.5%, 95% CI, 4.3–9.1%). Pre-DM prevalence was highest in the Fertile Crescent countries (22.7%, 95% CI, 14.2–32.4%), followed by the Arab Peninsula countries (8.6%, 95% CI, 5.5–12.1%) and North Africa and Iran (3.3%, 95% CI, 1.0–6.7%).ConclusionsT2DM and pre-DM are common in women of childbearing age in MENA countries. The high DM burden in this vital population group could lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes and acceleration of the intergenerational risk of DM. Our review presented data and highlighted gaps in the evidence of the DM burden in women of childbearing age, to inform policy-makers and researchers.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42017069231

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Demographic and Human Development in the Middle East and North Africa

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Women's agency and childbirth: The effect of transition to motherhood and subsequent births on women's agency in Egypt

Women's agency and childbirth: The effect of transition to motherhood and subsequent births on women's agency in Egypt

Multi-temporal analysis of Coastal Urbanization and Land Cover Changes in Suez City, Egypt Using Remote Sensing and GIS

Type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence studies in women of childbearing age in the Middle East and North Africa, 2000–2018

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