Demographic and occupational determinants of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositivity in hospital staff

Martin, Christopher; Patel, Prashanth; Goss, Charles; Jenkins, David R.; Price, Arthur; Barton, Linda; Gupta, Pankaj; Zaccardi, Francesco; Jerina, Helen; Duraisingham, Sai; Brunskill, Nigel J.; Khunti, Kamlesh; Pareek, Manish

doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdaa199

Cited by 66 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, there were conflicting results in the studies we have included. Lidström et al in Sweden [ 25 ], Iversen et al in Denmark [ 13 ], Martin et al [ 26 ], Eyre et al [ 27 ] and Jones et al [ 14 ] in UK have found that age was inversely associated with seropositivity. While their analysis depended on multivariate analysis, a similar statistically significant finding in univariate analysis by Goenka et al [ 12 ] was diminished in the logistic regression model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies mainly from USA and UK have assessed the associaton between race/ethnicity and seropositivity among HCWs and all [ [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , 21 , 26 , 27 , 32 ] but one [ 11 ] has found significantly increased rate among HCWs of African-American, Hispanic, Asian or Indigenious populations. This finding is in line with the previous studies indicating higher COVID-19 incidences among ethnic minority groups [ 6 , 37 , 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our systematic review indicates that there has been a significantly increased seroposisitivity rate for HCWs in contact with patients either working in frontline service or COVID-19 unit [ 5 , 22 , 25 , 26 , 28 , 41 ]. For example, Rudberg et al [ 5 ] have shown that patient related work has increased the risk 2.3 times compared to other occupational groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among health care workers before the era of vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Kayı

Madran

Keske

et al. 2021

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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Background The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among HCWs provide information to for the spread of COVID-19 within health care facilities, and to detect the risk groups. Objective We aimed to describe the rate of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and its determinants among health care workers. Data sources We used Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, EBSCOhost and Cochrane Library. Study eligibility criteria We included the reports of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence with a sample size of minimum 1,000 HCWs. Methods The study was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, no: CRD42021230456). We used PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. The keywords were “COVID-19, “SARS-Co-2”, “Coronavirus”, “seroprevalence”, “health care workers” and “risk factors”. Results In total 4329 reports were retrieved, the duplications were removed, after filtering according to the title and abstract 25 studies were selected. Risk of bias was assessed in 25 studies; it was low in 13 studies, medium in four studies, and high in eight studies. In meta-analysis by using the random effect model, the weighted average of seroprevalence was calculated as 8% (CI: 6%-10%). The pooled seroprevalence rates of the selected variables that have a rate over the average were male HCWs with 9% (95% CI 7%-11%); HCWs from ethnic minorities with 13% (95% CI: 9% - 17%); high exposure 9% (95% CI: %6 - %13); exposure to the virus outside the health care setting %22 (95% CI: %14 - %32). Conclusions Our analysis indicate a SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence rate of 8% among studies included >1,000 HCWs for the year 2020 before vaccinations started. The most common risk factors associated with higher seroprevalence rate were ethnicity, male gender, and having higher number of household contacts. Working as a frontline HCW was inconsistent in its association with higher seroprevalence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among health care workers before the era of vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Kayı

Madran

Keske

et al. 2021

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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“…Working in healthcare during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, presents a great challenge in many respects and brings a high risk of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) due to direct or indirect everyday contact with infected people (patients and colleagues) ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). Recent literature suggests that healthcare workers (HCWs) in emergency/acute medicine departments are at an even higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection than the rest, including those in intensive care units ( 4 , 5 ). In addition, HCWs working in COVID- 19 wards have a higher prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 than other frontline HCWs working in hospitals ( 6 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of work-related COVID-19 in Croatian healthcare workers: a preliminary report

Žaja

Kerner²,

Macan

et al. 2021

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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Healthcare workers (HCWs) are considered to run a higher occupational risk of becoming infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and develop coronavirus disease (COVID-19) than the rest of the population. The aim of this study was to describe and analyse the characteristics of work-related COVID-19 in Croatian HCWs. Study participants were HCWs who contacted their occupational physician between 1 May 2020 and 12 November 2020 with a request for the registration of COVID-19 as an occupational disease. All participants filled out our online Occupational COVID-19 in Healthcare Workers Questionnaire. The study included 59 HCWs (median age 45.0, interquartile range 36.0–56.0 years). Most (78 %) were nurses or laboratory technicians, and almost all (94.9 %) worked in hospitals. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed three clusters of COVID-19-related symptoms: 1) elevated body temperature with general weakness and fatigue, 2) diarrhoea, and 3) headache, muscle and joint pain, anosmia, ageusia, and respiratory symptoms (nasal symptoms, burning throat, cough, dyspnoea, tachypnoea). Almost half (44.6 %) reported comorbidities. Only those with chronic pulmonary conditions were more often hospitalised than those without respiratory disorders (57.1 % vs. 2.5 %, respectively; P=0.001). Our findings suggest that work-related COVID-19 among Croatian HCWs is most common in hospital nurses/laboratory technicians and takes a mild form, with symptoms clustering around three clinical phenotypes: general symptoms of acute infection, specific symptoms including neurological (anosmia, ageusia) and respiratory symptoms, and diarrhoea as a separate symptom. They also support evidence from other studies that persons with chronic pulmonary conditions are at higher risk for developing severe forms of COVID-19.

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“…11 Among HCW, the risk of infection varies by demographic characteristics, cadre of HCW, and work location, with systemic racism playing a clear role in inequities. 12 Additionally, among HCW with a job setting reported, most infections were associated with nursing and residential care facilities (67%) compared to hospital settings (18%). There are few data on SARS-CoV-2 among community-based HCW and other social service workers who may have different demographic and occupational risk profiles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroepidemiology among Employees of New York City Health and Hospitals during the First Wave of the SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic

Bryan

Tatem

Diuguid-Gerber

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Objective: Estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among New York City Health + Hospitals healthcare workers, and identify demographic and occupational factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among healthcare workers. Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional study using data from SARS-CoV-2 serological tests accompanied by a demographic and occupational survey administered to healthcare workers. Participants were employed by New York City Health + Hospitals (NYC H+H) and either completed serologic testing at NYC H+H between April 30 and June 30, 2020, or completed SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing outside of NYC H+H and were able to self-report results. Results: Seven hundred twenty-seven survey respondents were included in analysis. Participants had a mean age of 46 years (SD= 12.19) and 543 (75%) were women. Two hundred fourteen (29%) participants tested positive or reported testing positive for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgG+). Characteristics associated with positive SARS-CoV-2 serostatus were Black race (25% IgG+ vs. 15% IgG-, p=0.001), having someone in the household with COVID symptoms (49% IgG+ vs. 21% IgG-, p<0.001), or having a confirmed COVID-19 case in the household (25% IgG+ vs 5% IgG-, p<0.001). Characteristics associated with negative SARS-CoV-2 serostatus included working on a COVID patient floor (27% IgG+ vs. 36% IgG-, p=0.02), working in the ICU (20% IgG+ vs. 28% IgG-, p=0.03), or having close contact with a patient with COVID-19 (51% IgG+ vs. 62% IgG-, p=0.03). Conclusions: Results underscore the significance of community factors and inequities might have on SARS-CoV-2 exposure for healthcare workers.

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Demographic and occupational determinants of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositivity in hospital staff

Cited by 66 publications

References 18 publications

The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among health care workers before the era of vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among health care workers before the era of vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Characteristics of work-related COVID-19 in Croatian healthcare workers: a preliminary report

Seroepidemiology among Employees of New York City Health and Hospitals during the First Wave of the SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic

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