Demographic and socioeconomic correlates to buprenorphine access in pharmacies

Welsh, Justine W.; Yarbrough, Courtney R.; Sitar, Siara I.; Mataczynski, Maggie J; Peralta, Andrea; Kan, Mary; Crawford, Natalie D.; Conrad, Tahbia; Kee, Caroline; Young, Henry N.

doi:10.1016/j.japh.2022.12.015

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Audit studies are sometimes referred to as “secret shopper,” “mystery shopper,” or “simulated patient” studies because they often employ a researcher simulating a scenario within a real‐world practice setting (e.g., presenting to the pharmacy requesting medication for a reported illness that the researcher may not be experiencing in reality) and analyzing the subsequent response 2 . Such a scenario allows the researchers to assess the pharmacist's response in a real‐world environment and within conditions of day‐to‐day practice, whereas a survey response may reflect bias from misremembering past situations or providing a more ideal response 3 . While some have voiced concern regarding the potentially deceptive nature of this approach, it is generally considered justified when obtaining informed consent would inhibit the research and the study does not pose more than minimal risk to the subjects 4,5 .…”

Section: Defining Audit Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Such a scenario allows the researchers to assess the pharmacist's response in a real-world environment and within conditions of day-to-day practice, whereas a survey response may reflect bias from misremembering past situations or providing a more ideal response. 3 While some have voiced concern regarding the potentially deceptive nature of this approach, it is generally considered justified when obtaining informed consent would inhibit the research and the study does not pose more than minimal risk to the subjects. 4,5 In some cases, it is possible to carry out such a study utilizing auditors matching the scenario studied or to obtain informed consent in advance of the study.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Research and scholarly methods: Audit studies

Loera

Hill

Evoy

et al. 2023

J Am Coll Clin Pharm

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Audit study methodologies have been utilized in pharmacy field research to obtain greater understanding of potential gaps in real‐world care and assess the accessibility of medications, services, and providers. Many audit studies utilize a secret‐shopper approach in which auditors follow specific assessment protocols and the subjects being audited are unaware of the audit taking place. The benefit of utilizing this approach, as compared to surveys or interviews, is that researchers are able to collect real‐world measures with minimized social desirability and recall biases. There are multiple audit study approaches investigators must consider. Additionally, successful audit studies often rely upon congruence of multiple auditors, and it is therefore essential to develop a study protocol that includes detailed guidance documents, data collection tools, and rigorous training and fidelity assessments. Audit methodologies must be conducted with meticulous auditor training and oversight, especially when investigators seek to audit a large sample and rely on auditors who may be participating on an unpaid volunteer basis. The purpose of this review is to provide an orientation to audit study methodologies and to describe best practices for conducting a successful audit study.

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Section: Defining Audit Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%