Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors Associated with Fungal Infection Risk, United States, 2019

Rayens, Emily; Rayens, Mary Kay; Norris, Karen A.

doi:10.3201/eid2810.220391

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Various studies have compared the gender prevalence of fungal infections in different populations; however, the majority of the studies are from the United States [ 17 , 18 ]. The results of the present study showed an increase in the prevalence of fungal infections in the female population (53.68%) compared to males (46.32%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinico-Demographic Parameters of Oral Fungal Infections: An Institutional Retrospective Study

Devi,

Kizhakkoottu

2024

Cureus

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Introduction Most fungal infections are responsive to antifungal therapy. However, failure to diagnose the same can significantly affect the quality of lives of patients. Timely identification of fungal infections and their association with varied demographic and clinical parameters will help in improving the prognosis of the patient. The present study aims to evaluate the prevalence of fungal infections among various age groups and genders and also to evaluate the association of fungal infections with demographic parameters. Methods This study included a sample size of n = 600. The demographic and clinical details were compiled and transferred to IBM SPSS Version 23 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) for statistical analysis. Descriptive and Pearson chi-square tests were used to analyze the association of the type of fungal infection with gender, age, and comorbidities. A p-value of less than 0.05 is considered statistically significant. Results Angular cheilitis (40%, 240), followed by denture stomatitis (37.5%, 225), were the most common type of fungal infection among the sample population, and the elderly age group (51-72 years) was the most affected. Angular cheilitis was the most common infection among both males (21.4%, 128) and females (18.6%, 112), but candidiasis was reported more in females (18%, 108) than males (3%, 18) (p = 0.00). Angular cheilitis (32%, 192) and candidiasis (18%, 108) were more observed in association with anemia; however, denture stomatitis (34%, 204) was significantly higher among diabetics (p = 0.00). Conclusion The identification of associated systemic and demographic factors is as important as the treatment of fungal infection itself. The recognition of fungal infections and the role of parameters like age, gender, and systemic comorbidities in the development of fungal infections will have valuable implications for public health. Future research is required for a clear understanding of the same.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinico-Demographic Parameters of Oral Fungal Infections: An Institutional Retrospective Study

Devi,

Kizhakkoottu

2024

Cureus

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“…Lower socioeconomic status may be associated with higher levels of mold in the home 11 as well as with certain underlying medical conditions that increase the risk for fungal infections. 12 Further studies accounting for the critical role of health disparities in post-disaster health effects of mold are warranted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis Codes for Mold Infections and Mold Exposure Before and After Hurricane Harvey Among a Commercially Insured Population—Houston, Texas, 2016–2018

Benedict

Jackson

Toda

2023

Disaster med. public health prep.

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Objective: Indoor mold after flooding poses health risks including rare but serious invasive mold infections. The purpose of this study was to evaluate use of International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) diagnosis codes for mold infection and mold exposure in Houston, Texas during the year before and the year after Hurricane Harvey. Methods: This study used data from MarketScan, a large health insurance claims database. Results: The incidence of invasive mold infections remained unchanged in the year after Hurricane Harvey; however, the incidence of diagnosis codes for mold exposure nearly doubled compared with the year before the hurricane (6.3 vs. 11.0 per 100,000 enrollees, rate ratio: 1.7, 95% confidence interval 1.0–3.1). Conclusions: Diagnosis codes alone may not be sufficiently sensitive to detect changes in invasive mold infection rates within this population and timeframe, demonstrating the need for more comprehensive studies.

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“…Interestingly, other studies have reported an association between male sex and increased risk of IC [ 27 , 28 ]. While we do not expect that sex-specific behaviors or exposures should play a role in early post-transplant IC, sex-related variability in immunologic response to fungi may.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Invasive Fungal Infection in Lung Transplant Recipients on Universal Antifungal Prophylaxis

Huggins,

Arthur,

Chow

et al. 2023

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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Background Many centers use universal antifungal prophylaxis after lung transplant, but risk factors for invasive fungal infection (IFI) in this setting are poorly described. Methods This retrospective, single center, cohort study including 603 lung transplant recipients assessed risk factors for early (within 90 days of transplant) invasive candidiasis (IC) and invasive mold infection (IMI) and late (90–365 days after transplant) IMI using Cox proportional hazard regression. Results In this cohort, 159 (26.4%) patients had 182 IFIs. Growth of yeast on donor culture (Hazard Ratio (HR) 3.30, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.89, 5.75) and prolonged length of stay (HR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01, 1.03) were associated with early IC risk whereas transplantation in 2016 or 2017 (HR 0.21, 95% CI 0.06, 0.70; HR 0.25, 95% CI 0.08, 0.80, respectively) and female recipient sex (HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.30, 0.93) were associated with reduced risk. Anti-mold therapy (HR 0.21, 95% CI 0.06, 0.78) was associated lower early IMI risk and female donor sex (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.22, 0.72) was associated with lower late IMI risk. Recent rejection was a risk factor for late IMI (HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.02, 2.95) and renal replacement therapy predisposed to early IC, early IMI, and late IMI (HR 5.67, 95% CI 3.01, 10.67; HR 7.54, 95% CI 1.93, 29.45; HR 5.33, 95% CI 1.46, 19.49, respectively). Conclusion In lung transplant recipients receiving universal antifungal prophylaxis, risk factors for early IC, early IMI, and late IMI differ.

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Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors Associated with Fungal Infection Risk, United States, 2019

Cited by 18 publications

References 42 publications

Clinico-Demographic Parameters of Oral Fungal Infections: An Institutional Retrospective Study

Clinico-Demographic Parameters of Oral Fungal Infections: An Institutional Retrospective Study

Diagnosis Codes for Mold Infections and Mold Exposure Before and After Hurricane Harvey Among a Commercially Insured Population—Houston, Texas, 2016–2018

Risk Factors for Invasive Fungal Infection in Lung Transplant Recipients on Universal Antifungal Prophylaxis

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