Demographic and Spatiotemporal Patterns of Avian Influenza Infection at the Continental Scale, and in Relation to Annual Life Cycle of a Migratory Host

Nallar, Rodolfo; Papp, Zsuzsánna; Epp, Tasha; Leighton, Frederick A.; Swafford, Seth R.; DeLiberto, Thomas J.; Dusek, Robert J.; Ip, Hon S.; Hall, Jeffrey S.; Berhane, Yohannes; Gibbs, Samantha E. J.; Soos, Catherine

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0130662

Cited by 22 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…During the 2010-11 and 2011-12 seasons a decreasing trend in prevalence was observed towards the end of the migration, supporting observations from previous years in Guatemala and similar to patterns of prevalence observed in wintering grounds in the south of the US (7, 8, 12, 19, 31). This decrease is likely explained by the accumulation of population immunity (as the number of seroconverted birds increases) resulting in a reduced number of susceptible individuals, not only to circulating subtypes but to other viruses from related genetic clades (25).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The limited sample size may have influenced the unexpectedly high prevalence estimates obtained in 2010 (12) and during the first season of the present study. During the subsequent seasons (2011-12 and 2012-13) the number of samples was larger (n>500), however the estimated prevalence was still high in comparison to estimates reported for blue-winged teals in North America (31). The high diversity of co-circulating subtypes and subtype combinations detected may help explain this observation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Studies in wintering grounds in North America and Europe suggest that viral prevalence in waterfowl species tend to be low in comparison to the levels generally observed at the breeding grounds prior to the onset of autumn migration. The number of virus infections decreases over time in the population during an annual migration cycle that concludes with the spring migration, as birds return from the wintering grounds (15, 19, 30, 31). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Diversity of Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses in Wild Birds in Guatemala, 2010–2013

et al. 2016

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Summary Waterfowl species are known to harbor the greatest diversity of low pathogenicity influenza A virus (LPAIV) subtypes and are recognized as their main natural reservoir. In Guatemala there is evidence of circulation of LPAIV in wild ducks, however the bird species contributing to viral diversity during the winter migration in Central America are unknown. In this study, samples obtained from 1,250 hunter-killed birds from 22 different species were collected on the Pacific coast of Guatemala during three winter migration seasons between 2010 and 2013. Prevalence of LPAIV detected by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was 38.2%, 23.5% and 24.7% in the 2010-11, 2011-12, and 2012-13 seasons respectively. The highest virus prevalence was detected in the northern shoveler (Anas clypeata), followed by the blue-winged teal (Anas discors). The majority of positive samples and viral isolates were obtained from the blue-winged teal. Analysis of LPAIV prevalence over time in this species indicated a decreasing trend in monthly prevalence within a migration season. Sixty-eight viruses were isolated and 9 HA and 7 NA subtypes were identified in 19 subtype combinations. In 2012-13, the most prevalent subtype was H14, a subtype identified for the first time in the western hemisphere in 2010. The results from this study represent the most detailed description available to date of LPAIV circulation in Central America.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Diversity of Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses in Wild Birds in Guatemala, 2010–2013

et al. 2016

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“…As reported in other studies, juvenile birds were more likely to be infected than adult birds [23,27,29,32,33,34,35,36,37]. This is probably because young birds are immunologically naïve or have been exposed to fewer strains of AIV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…We also expected seasonal variation, with a peak of LPAIV infection probability during late summer or early fall [30,31,32,33,34,35] as larger flocks of birds form prior to southward migration, thereby creating greater potential for transmission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ecology of avian influenza viruses in wild dabbling ducks (Anas spp.) in Canada

et al. 2017

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Avian influenza virus (AIV) occurrence and transmission remain important wildlife and human health issues in much of the world, including in North America. Through Canada’s Inter-Agency Wild Bird Influenza Survey, close to 20,000 apparently healthy, wild dabbling ducks (of seven species) were tested for AIV between 2005 and 2011. We used these data to identify and evaluate ecological and demographic correlates of infection with low pathogenic AIVs in wild dabbling ducks (Anas spp.) across Canada. Generalized linear mixed effects model analyses revealed that risk of AIV infection was higher in hatch-year birds compared to adults, and was positively associated with a high proportion of hatch-year birds in the population. Males were more likely to be infected than females in British Columbia and in Eastern Provinces of Canada, but more complex relationships among age and sex cohorts were found in the Prairie Provinces. A species effect was apparent in Eastern Canada and British Columbia, where teal (A. discors and/or A. carolinensis) were less likely to be infected than mallards (A. platyrhynchos). Risk of AIV infection increased with the density of the breeding population, in both Eastern Canada and the Prairie Provinces, and lower temperatures preceding sampling were associated with a higher probability of AIV infection in Eastern Canada. Our results provide new insights into the ecological and demographic factors associated with AIV infection in waterfowl.

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Sampling for disease surveillance: assessing effects on blue‐winged teal survival and recovery

Swift,

Arnold,

Carter

et al. 2024

J Wildl Manag

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Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in wild animals highlight the need for disease surveillance in wild birds to improve our understanding of their role as reservoirs and dispersers, and potential threats to domestic poultry and wild bird populations. Surveillance for avian influenza varies in its approach, objectives, and coordination with other monitoring efforts. For waterfowl, a common host to avian influenza viruses, banding represents a concerted effort of capturing and marking thousands of individuals annually to estimate survival and harvest rates, but users of these data have generally taken a conservative approach to remove any banded birds from analyses that had a sample taken for disease surveillance during capture. We tested for differences in survival and encounter probabilities of blue‐winged teal (Spatula discors) marked (n = 21,702 teal) and sampled for disease surveillance (n = 4,216) during the nonbreeding season in Louisiana, USA, from 2016 to 2023. Although we found no consistent effect of collecting biological samples on survival probability, including an additional test showing no detectable effects of sampling for disease surveillance with oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs versus sampling with swabs and a syringe‐drawn blood sample, wide 95% credible intervals on the posterior survival estimates (mean 0.36 difference between upper and lower values across all year‐sex‐sampling groups; 0.44 for sampling type groups) indicated low statistical power to detect an effect. Seber recovery probability during the first interval following sampling was lower among birds sampled using swabs only, but we assume this stems from low sample sizes rather than an effect of collecting biological samples. Because recovery probabilities can vary as a function of individual covariates, we also examined direct recovery probabilities and observed no meaningful effect of disease surveillance sampling type but strong effects of capture date, suggesting the effect on Seber recovery probability may have been due to heterogeneity in exposure to natural and harvest mortality risks. Although we suggest that aligning disease surveillance sample collection efforts with landscape‐scale waterfowl banding efforts may have little effect on observed demographic rates, additional studies with larger sample sizes are likely needed to provide the statistical power necessary to formally conclude no effect of biological sampling on survival probabilities.

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Demographic and Spatiotemporal Patterns of Avian Influenza Infection at the Continental Scale, and in Relation to Annual Life Cycle of a Migratory Host

Cited by 22 publications

References 36 publications

Prevalence and Diversity of Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses in Wild Birds in Guatemala, 2010–2013

Prevalence and Diversity of Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses in Wild Birds in Guatemala, 2010–2013

The ecology of avian influenza viruses in wild dabbling ducks (Anas spp.) in Canada

Sampling for disease surveillance: assessing effects on blue‐winged teal survival and recovery

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