Demographic, autoimmune, and clinical profiles of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in Oman

Abstract

Seventy female and three male Omani systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients are described. At disease onset, 45 (62%) were under 20 years of age, and the remainder were between 20 and 44. Of all cases, 48% were familial. Over 5 years, the cumulative frequencies of autoantibodies was: antinuclear antibodies (ANA) 97%, anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies 92%, extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) antibodies 64%, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) 58%, antiphospholipid (APL) antibodies 80%, and rheumatoid factor (Rf) 22%. Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) antibodies were found in 15/45 younger-onset and 2/28 older-onset patients (chi(2)=6.63, P<0.02). The mean SLE disease activity score (SLEDAI) was 13.5+11.4, and the cumulative frequencies of systemic involvement were: neurological 33.8%, vascular 10.4%, musculoskeletal 53.9%, renal 50.7%, dermal 80.5%, serosal 23.9%, immunological 95%, constitutional 31.3%, and haematological 26.0%. Linear regression analysis showed that high-titre ANA were predictors for pyuria (odds ratio [OR] 9.06, P=0.01). Antiextractable nuclear antigen antibodies were predictors for disease of the neurological (OR 26.3, P=0.008) and serosal (OR 27.7, P=0.005) systems, and anti-Sm antibodies for alopecia (OR 5.93, P=0.088) and hypocomplementaemia (OR 14.6, P= 0.016). Antibodies of known diagnostic utility may also give insights into the pathogenesis of SLE.

Demographic, Clinical and Immunological Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus among Omani Population Single Tertiary Care Experience

“…This study was conducted in a tertiary care centre, SQUH and showed that most patients were females of child bearing age and that the majority lived in highly populated governates, Al-Batinah and Muscat. The cumulative frequency of haematological and inflammatory markers from the present study was similar to those from Al-Maini M 2003 1 . Both studies showed that the majority of SLE patients were anaemic, lymphopenic and had a high erythrocyte sedimentation rate and hypo-complimentemia.…”

“…Systemic lupus Erythematosus (SLE) belongs to a spectrum of autoimmune disorders. It is a multisystem disease and it is affected by genetic, ethnic and environmental factors as shown in previous studies 1 . The disease severity and organ involvement vary throughout the world which reflect the multi factorial causes and triggers of the disease 2,3 .…”

“…SLE was characterized by more aggressive nature with younger age of onset when compared to other studies. It was found that at disease onset, 62% were under 20 years of age and almost half of the studied group had a family history of the disease 1 . The different manifestation of SLE in the Gulf countries was explained by the raised incidence of the serotype human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DR2 in the population 7 .…”

“…The demographic variability of SLE has encouraged many descriptions of its pattern in different geographic areas around the world. Since 1990s, a number of studies evaluated SLE in the Gulf countries 1,5,6 . In 2003 a study was conducted to evaluate SLE pattern in Oman.…”

Anti-Sm faces a threat to its reigning position as the marker antibody

“…This is a very interesting result, being remarkably higher than any other result reported so far. However, the positive ratio of the anti-Sm was 50% in the Omani SLE in 2003 in the report of Al-Maini and colleagues [2], and this was similar to the result of neighboring nations. In their report, the number of object patients was more than that in Al-Jabri's report.…”