In this chapter, I discuss the economic effects of population aging and the potential that it offers for public sector management, social justice, and economic development. As the population continues to age, public spending for social security and health care increases, but the so called “Silver Economy,” which is based on the increasing demand of goods and services for seniors, remains underexplored. The chapter focuses on intergenerational equity, resource allocation and economic transitions and provides a roadmap on how the ‘problems' of aging societies can be addressed in a way that unleash the potential of such societies. Using both international and Asian examples, it analyses the complex interconnections between demographic change, public expenditure, social justice and consumer cultures, and proposes new ways of thinking to support sustainable and equitable growth. Thus, this chapter unfolds a multilayered approach to understand the various economic and social changes that occur due to the presence of aging populations.