Demographic Characteristics and Risk Factors of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Islamabad

Abstract

Objective: To determine the demographic characteristics and risk factors of coronary artery disease in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at cardiology department of a tertiary care hospital in Islamabad. Materials and methods: This descriptive cases series study was done at cardiology department of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS) Islamabad, during nine months of period from January to September 2021. All the patients having coronary artery disease based on clinical history and diagnosis including electrocardiogram (ECG), biochemical markers, or non-invasive tests like, echocardiography, exercise tolerance test (ETT), Thallium stress test and selected for PCI and of either gender were included. Pre PCI LVEF was assessed. All the patients underwent detailed medical history and routine laboratory investigation to assess the demographic information, risk factors of coronary artery diseases and indication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). All the data was collected via self-made study proforma. Data was entered and analyzed by SPSS version 26. Results: A total of 724 patients with coronary artery disease and underwent (PCI) were studied, their average age was 55.72+10.04 years and average BMI was 25.70+3.14 kg/m2. Males were in majority 76.8%. Out of all 63.4% cases were hypertensive, 29.0% were diabetics, 41.4% having family history of CVD, 30.9% had a history of daily used of tobacco as shown in table.1 Pre PCI EF <30% was in most of the cases 59.9% and elective PCI status was 86.2%. As per anginal classification the class II and III were most common 60.1% and 27.2% respectively. Most of the cases 87.2% having intermediate PCI risk sore. Conclusion: As per study conclusion hypertension, diabetes, smoking and family history were observed to the risk factors for CAD and intermediate PCI risk score was most frequent. Demographically age more than 45 years and males were commonest. Keyword: CAD, Risk score, PCI, age, gender