Demographic characteristics, site and phylogenetic distribution of dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma: 744 dogs (2000-2015)

Tuohy, Joanne; Shaevitz, Marejka H.; Garrett, Laura D.; Ruple, Audrey; Selmic, Laura E.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0223243

Cited by 24 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Pathological fracture is reported to occur in 38% of osteosarcoma cases [ 2 , 3 ]. Treatment for osteosarcoma can include amputation of the affected limb or resection of axial lesions, and adjuvant chemotherapy may be recommended [ 2 , 4 , 5 ]. However, osteosarcoma often undergoes early haematogenous spread and, whilst just 10% of canine osteosarcoma cases present with gross metastases, 90% have been shown to possess microscopic metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis [ 1 , 2 , 4 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several dog breeds are reportedly predisposed to osteosarcoma, including the Rottweiler, Irish Wolfhound, Greyhound and Golden Retriever, and it has been shown that predisposition to osteosarcoma has a genetic basis in dogs [ 4 , 5 , 10 – 13 ]. The majority of at-risk breeds possess large body mass, and fewer than 5% of osteosarcoma cases are reported in dogs under 15 kg [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dog breeds and body conformations with predisposition to osteosarcoma in the UK: a case-control study

Edmunds

Smalley

Beck

et al. 2021

Canine Genet Epidemiol

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Background Osteosarcoma is an aggressive and painful bone neoplasm in dogs. Previous studies have reported epidemiological associations suggesting that large body mass, long bone length and the genetics of certain breeds including the Rottweiler are associated with elevated osteosarcoma risk. However, these studies were often limited by selection bias and confounding factors, and have rarely offered insights into breed-associated protection for osteosarcoma. The current study includes 1756 appendicular and axial osteosarcoma cases presenting to VPG Histology (Bristol, UK) compared against a control population of 905,211 dogs without osteosarcoma from primary care electronic patient records in the VetCompass™ dataset. Methods and study design Retrospective, case-control study. Multivariable logistic regression analysis explored associations between demographic risk factors (including breed, chondrodystrophy, age, sex/neuter status, skull-shape, and body mass) and osteosarcoma of all anatomical sites. Results We identified several breeds with increased and reduced odds of osteosarcoma. At highest risk were the Rottweiler and Great Dane, with > 10 times the odds of osteosarcoma compared with crossbreds, and the Rhodesian Ridgeback, which has not featured in previous lists of at-risk breeds for osteosarcoma, and had an odds ratio of 11.31 (95% confidence interval 7.37–17.35). Breeds at lowest risk of osteosarcoma (protected breeds) included the Bichon Frise, the French Bulldog and the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, all with odd ratios of less than 0.30 compared with crossbreds. Body mass was strongly associated with osteosarcoma risk; dogs over 40 kg exhibited osteosarcoma odds of 45.44 (95% confidence interval 33.74–61.20) compared with dogs less than 10 kg. Chondrodystrophic breeds had an osteosarcoma odds ratio of 0.13 (95% confidence interval 0.11–0.16) compared with non-chondrodystrophic breeds. Conclusions This study provides evidence of strong breed-associated osteosarcoma risk and protection, suggesting a genetic basis for osteosarcoma pathogenesis. It highlights that breeds selected for long legs/large body mass are generally overrepresented amongst at-risk breeds, whilst those selected for short leg length/small body mass are generally protected. These findings could inform genetic studies to identify osteosarcoma risk alleles in canines and humans; as well as increasing awareness amongst veterinarians and owners, resulting in improved breeding practices and clinical management of osteosarcoma in dogs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dog breeds and body conformations with predisposition to osteosarcoma in the UK: a case-control study

Edmunds

Smalley

Beck

et al. 2021

Canine Genet Epidemiol

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“…Although rare, polyostotic presentation was also described in a domestic dog, which had multiples sites of neoplastic growth in the appendicular skeleton and also had kidney metastasis [ 31 ]. In domestic animals, osteosarcoma usually results in metastasis, which frequently affects the lungs, kidney, and liver [ 4 – 6 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Less frequently, this tumor may be primary of soft tissues when it is classified as an extra-skeletal form [ 1 – 3 ]. Among domestic animals, osteosarcoma affects mainly dogs and cats between 8 and 10 years of age, with poor prognosis, and a high metastatic rate [ 4 – 6 ]. In birds, osteosarcoma is uncommon and there are only a few cases reported in domestic and wild species [ 7 – 9 ], in which it may arise in the axial or, more commonly, in the appendicular skeleton [ 7 , 8 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyostotic osteosarcoma associated with avian leukosis virus infection in a captive bare‐faced curassow (Crax fasciolata)

Oliveira

Santos

et al. 2021

BMC Vet Res

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Background Osteosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal bone tumor. Although it is a common tumor in the appendicular skeleton of dogs and cats, it is rarely reported in birds. Retroviruses are usually associated with solid tumor development in different avian species. Case presentation: This report aims to describe a case of osteosarcoma associated with the avian leukosis virus in a captive bare-faced curassow (Crax fasciolata). A captive adult female bare-faced curassow presented with lameness, hyporexia, and a non-ulcerative and firm tumor in the right femur. The bird was euthanized due to the poor prognosis. Histopathology revealed an infiltrative mesenchymal neoplasm consisting of spindle cells with moderate cell pleomorphism, organized in bundles and interspersed by marked deposition of the osteoid matrix, which was compatible with osteosarcoma affecting both femur and tibiotarsus, with renal metastasis. Immunohistochemistry of the primary and metastatic tumor demonstrated vimentin expression by neoplastic cells. Samples of the neoplasm, bone marrow, and spleen were processed for PCR, which enabled the demonstration of proviral avian leukosis virus (ALV) DNA. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an osteosarcoma in a bare-faced curassow with an unusual polyostotic manifestation and associated with ALV infection.

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“…Binary logistic regression modelling was executed using the glm-logit function in the R-stats package to determine univariable associations between risk factors (purebred-status, breed, Kennel Club breed group, body mass, age, sex/neuter, dachshund-status, spaniel-status, chondrodystrophy-status and skull-shape) and osteosarcoma [70]. Univariable evaluation showed that the median age of cases (8.50 years, IQR 6.58-10.50) was higher than non-cases ( Because breed was a factor of primary interest for the study, variables derived from the breed information were tested for collinearity using a VIF score available in the caret package [64,[71][72][73][74].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dog Breeds and Body Conformations with Predisposition to Osteosarcoma in the UK: A Case-Control Study

Edmunds

Smalley

Beck

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundOsteosarcoma is an aggressive and painful bone neoplasm in dogs. Previous studies have reported epidemiological associations suggesting that large body mass, long bone length and the genetics of certain breeds including the Rottweiler are associated with elevated osteosarcoma risk. However, these studies were often limited by selection bias and confounding, and have rarely offered insights into breed-associated protection as well as breed-associated predisposition for osteosarcoma. The current study includes 1756 osteosarcoma cases presenting to VPG Histology (Bristol, UK) that are compared against a control population of 905,211 dogs without osteosarcoma taken from primary care electronic patient records in the VetCompass™ dataset. Methods and Study DesignRetrospective, case-control study. Multivariable logistic regression analysis explored associations between demographic risk factors (including breed, chondrodystrophy, age, sex/neuter status, skull-shape, and body mass) and osteosarcoma. ResultsWe identified several breeds with increased and reduced odds of osteosarcoma. At highest risk were the Rottweiler and Great Dane, with >10 times the odds of osteosarcoma compared with crossbreeds, and the Rhodesian Ridgeback; which has not featured in previous lists of at-risk breeds for osteosarcoma, and had an odds ratio of 11.31 (95% confidence interval 7.37 - 17.35). Breeds at lowest risk of osteosarcoma (protected breeds) included the Bichon Frise, the French Bulldog and the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, all with odd ratios of less than 0.30 compared with crossbreeds. Body mass was strongly associated with osteosarcoma risk; dogs over 40kg exhibited osteosarcoma odds of 45.44 (95% confidence interval 33.74 - 61.20) compared with dogs less than 10kg. Chondrodystrophic breeds had an osteosarcoma odds ratio of 0.13 (95% confidence interval 0.11 - 0.16) compared with non-chondrodystrophic breeds. ConclusionsOverall, this study provides evidence of strong breed-associated osteosarcoma risk and protection, suggesting a genetic basis for osteosarcoma pathogenesis. The study findings highlight that breeds bred for long legs or large body mass are generally overrepresented amongst at-risk breeds, whilst those bred for short leg length or small body mass are generally protected. These findings could inform genetic studies to identify osteosarcoma risk alleles in canines and humans; as well as increasing awareness amongst vets and owners, resulting in improved breeding practices and clinical management of osteosarcoma in dogs.

show abstract

Demographic characteristics, site and phylogenetic distribution of dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma: 744 dogs (2000-2015)

Cited by 24 publications

References 37 publications

Dog breeds and body conformations with predisposition to osteosarcoma in the UK: a case-control study

Dog breeds and body conformations with predisposition to osteosarcoma in the UK: a case-control study

Polyostotic osteosarcoma associated with avian leukosis virus infection in a captive bare‐faced curassow (Crax fasciolata)

Dog Breeds and Body Conformations with Predisposition to Osteosarcoma in the UK: A Case-Control Study

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