Demographic origins of skewed operational and adult sex ratios: perturbation analyses of two‐sex models

Veran, Sophie; Beissinger, Steven R.

doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01268.x

Cited by 71 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The results can be quite different from those expected in linear two-sex models (see Veran and Beissinger 2009, for a sensitivity analysis of a linear two-sex model). For example, in the case of penguins, increases in adult female survival actually reduce population growth rate.…”

Section: Two-sex Modelsmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…The only solution to date has been to incorporate all behavioral events, and the transitions among them, into (possibly complicated) expressions for the elements of A[n]. (e.g., Gerber 2006;Veran and Beissinger 2009). This limits the behavioral complexity that can be included.…”

Section: A[cn] P A[n]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17) used linear sensitivity analyses on the equilibrium population, but this was incorrect (Caswell 2008). Veran and Beissinger (2009) presented an innovative sensitivity analysis of population structure and OSR, but it was based on a linear rather than a nonlinear model. Tuljapurkar et al (2007) examined the sensitivity of population growth rate in a nonlinear two-sex model using life-table methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mating Behavior, Population Growth, and the Operational Sex Ratio: A Periodic Two‐Sex Model Approach

Jenouvrier¹,

Caswell²,

Barbraud³

et al. 2010

The American Naturalist

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We present a new approach to modeling two-sex populations, using periodic, nonlinear two-sex matrix models. The models project the population growth rate, the population structure, and any ratio of interest (e.g., operational sex ratio). The periodic formulation permits inclusion of highly seasonal behavioral events. A periodic product of the seasonal matrices describes annual population dynamics. The model is nonlinear because mating probability depends on the structure of the population. To study how the vital rates influence population growth rate, population structure, and operational sex ratio, we used sensitivity analysis of frequencydependent nonlinear models. In nonlinear two-sex models the vital rates affect growth rate directly and also indirectly through effects on the population structure. The indirect effects can sometimes overwhelm the direct effects and are revealed only by nonlinear analysis. We find that the sensitivity of the population growth rate to female survival is negative for the emperor penguin, a species with highly seasonal breeding behavior. This result could not occur in linear models because changes in population structure have no effect on per capita reproduction. Our approach is applicable to ecological and evolutionary studies of any species in which males and females interact in a seasonal environment.

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Section: Two-sex Modelsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: A[cn] P A[n]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mating Behavior, Population Growth, and the Operational Sex Ratio: A Periodic Two‐Sex Model Approach

Jenouvrier¹,

Caswell²,

Barbraud³

et al. 2010

The American Naturalist

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“…However, to fully understand ASR bias requires these components to be modeled simultaneously to quantify their relative contributions. In practice, large empirical datasets from natural populations incorporating stage-and sexspecific vital rates are uncommon (25)(26)(27). Furthermore, males and females often have different behaviors or ecological niches (28), which can make one or the other easier to detect (9,11).…”

Section: Adult Sex Ratio (Asr) Is a Central Concept In Population Biomentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-specific early survival drives adult sex ratio bias in snowy plovers and impacts mating system and population growth

Eberhart-Phillips

Küpper

Miller

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Adult sex ratio (ASR) is a central concept in population biologyand a key factor in sexual selection, but why do most demographic models ignore sex biases? Vital rates often vary between the sexes and across life history, but their relative contributions to ASR variation remain poorly understood-an essential step to evaluate sex ratio theories in the wild and inform conservation. Here, we combine structured two-sex population models with individual-based mark-recapture data from an intensively monitored polygamous population of snowy plovers. We show that a strongly male-biased ASR (0.63) is primarily driven by sexspecific survival of juveniles rather than adults or dependent offspring. This finding provides empirical support for theories of unbiased sex allocation when sex differences in survival arise after the period of parental investment. Importantly, a conventional model ignoring sex biases significantly overestimated population viability. We suggest that sex-specific population models are essential to understand the population dynamics of sexual organisms: reproduction and population growth are most sensitive to perturbations in survival of the limiting sex. Overall, our study suggests that sex-biased early survival may contribute toward mating system evolution and population persistence, with implications for both sexual selection theory and biodiversity conservation.ASR | Charadrius nivosus | mark-recapture | sex allocation | two-sex matrix model

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“…Finally, parental care-wherever it occurs-is often a major component of fitness, because whether the offspring are cared for or abandoned has a large impact on their survival, maturation, and reproduction . Therefore, parental care (or the lack of it) may have an impact on population productivity and population growth and influences the resilience of populations to various threats (Bessa-Gomes et al 2004;Veran and Beissinger 2009;Blumstein 2010). Thus, understanding the behavioral interactions between parents and the fitness implications of these interactions is highly relevant for population dynamics and biodiversity conservation (Alonzo and Sheldon 2010;Blumstein 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Conflict between Parents: Offspring Desertion and Asymmetrical Parental Care

Székely

2014

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology

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Parental care is an immensely variable social behavior, and sexual conflict offers a powerful paradigm to understand this diversity. Conflict over care (usually considered as a type of postzygotic sexual conflict) is common, because the evolutionary interests of male and female parents are rarely identical. I investigate how sexual conflict over care may facilitate the emergence and maintenance of diverse parenting strategies and argue that researchers should combine two fundamental concepts in social behavior to understand care patterns: cooperation and conflict. Behavioral evidence of conflict over care is well established, studies have estimated specific fitness implications of conflict for males or females, and experiments have investigated specific components of conflict. However, studies are long overdue to reveal the full implications of conflict for both males and females. Manipulating (or harming) the opposite sex seems less common in postzygotic conflicts than in prezygotic conflicts because by manipulating, coercing, or harming the opposite sex, the reproductive interest of the actor is also reduced. Parental care is a complex trait, although few studies have yet considered the implications of multidimensionality for parental conflict. Future research in parental conflict will benefit from understanding the behavioral interactions between male and female parents (e.g., negotiation, learning, and coercion), the genetic and neurogenomic bases of parental behavior, and the influence of social environment on parental strategies. Empirical studies are needed to put sexual conflict in a population context and reveal feedback between mate choice, pair bonds and parenting strategies, and their demographic consequences for the population such as mortalities and sex ratios. Taken together, sexual conflict offers a fascinating avenue for understanding the causes and consequences of parenting behavior, sex roles, and breeding system evolution.

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Demographic origins of skewed operational and adult sex ratios: perturbation analyses of two‐sex models

Cited by 71 publications

References 62 publications

Mating Behavior, Population Growth, and the Operational Sex Ratio: A Periodic Two‐Sex Model Approach

Mating Behavior, Population Growth, and the Operational Sex Ratio: A Periodic Two‐Sex Model Approach

Sex-specific early survival drives adult sex ratio bias in snowy plovers and impacts mating system and population growth

Sexual Conflict between Parents: Offspring Desertion and Asymmetrical Parental Care

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