Demographic trends of a reintroduced Iberian ibex Capra pyrenaica victoriae population in central Spain

Refoyo, Pablo; Olmedo, Claudia; Polo, Ignacio; Fandós, Paulino; Muñoz, B.

doi:10.1515/mammalia-2013-0141

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The standard deviation is notably less at Siete Picos and Peñalara. The obtained data are consistent with previous studies on the presence of the Iberian wild goat (Refoyo et al 2015), which previously identified Cuerda Larga West and La Pedriza as locations with the greatest historical presence of the species (PNSG 2020).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…For more than 30 years, the Iberian wild goat has been part of the Sierra de Guadarrama landscape. In 1990, 67 individuals of the subspecies Capra pyrenaica victoriae (Refoyo et al 2015) were reintroduced and from the outset showed healthy population growth, reaching 5403 animals in 2021. The current population represents a density of over 52 ind km −2 (Refoyo et al 2019), excessively high to be ecologically sustainable (Perea et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A pressure indicator for the impact of Iberian wild goat on moss and soils in a Mediterranean climate

García–Rodríguez

Vélez

López‐Sánchez

et al. 2021

Euro-Mediterr J Environ Integr

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In the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (central Spain), the population of Iberian wild goat, also known as Spanish ibex (Capra pyrenaica) has grown strongly since its reintroduction three decades ago. The plant community is now under heavy browsing pressure due to this high population. A study of the presence of moss on rocks was used herein as the basis for the design of an indicator, named impact on mosses (im), to describe the environmental pressure exerted by the Iberian wild goat in terms of moss removal. Granite and gneiss zones at medium altitudes with continental Mediterranean climate are the most suitable areas for successful application of the indicator. The hypotheses to test are: (1) the indicator will discriminate between areas with different wild goat pressure levels, (2) wild goat pressure will explain a high proportion of moss loss variance, and (3) the im indicator will be useful to establish a mathematical model between wild goat pressure and moss loss. The proposed indicator was analyzed using both statistical and data science techniques. The results support the mentioned hypotheses. Specifically, statistically significant differences were found regarding the impact on mosses between areas with different levels of Iberian wild goat pressure. Thus, a high proportion of the variance was associated with wild goat pressure (80% for high-pressure areas, 56% for low-pressure areas). A modified parabolic function was fit to express the relationship between Iberian wild goat pressure and impact on mosses. In conclusion, the im indicator was shown to be a useful tool to assess pressure due to Iberian wild goat. Therefore, im can help assess and manage Iberian wild goat populations and determine their sustainable levels.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pressure indicator for the impact of Iberian wild goat on moss and soils in a Mediterranean climate

García–Rodríguez

Vélez

López‐Sánchez

et al. 2021

Euro-Mediterr J Environ Integr

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“…At high population densities, some barriers might be overcome due to high dispersal pressure. Such dispersal may lead to the colonization of new territories or to population expansion (Refoyo, Olmedo, Polo, Fandos, & Muñoz, 2015;Refoyo et al, 2016). However, dispersal barriers between the two Iberian ibex populations seem to be effective and demographic bottlenecks are evident leading to a high differentiation from each other.…”

Section: Comparative Population Genomic Analyses Of European Ibex Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Population genomics analyses of European ibex species show lower diversity and higher inbreeding in reintroduced populations

Grossen

Biebach

Angelone

et al. 2017

Evolutionary Applications

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Restoration of lost species ranges to their native distribution is key for the survival of endangered species. However, reintroductions often fail and long‐term genetic consequences are poorly understood. Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) are wild goats that recovered from <100 individuals to ~50,000 within a century by population reintroductions. We analyzed the population genomic consequences of the Alpine ibex reintroduction strategy. We genotyped 101,822 genomewide single nucleotide polymorphism loci in 173 Alpine ibex, the closely related Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) and domestic goat (Capra hircus). The source population of all Alpine ibex maintained genetic diversity comparable to Iberian ibex, which experienced less severe bottlenecks. All reintroduced Alpine ibex populations had individually and combined lower levels of genetic diversity than the source population. The reintroduction strategy consisted of primary reintroductions from captive breeding and secondary reintroductions from established populations. This stepwise reintroduction strategy left a strong genomic footprint of population differentiation, which increased with subsequent rounds of reintroductions. Furthermore, analyses of genomewide runs of homozygosity showed recent inbreeding primarily in individuals of reintroduced populations. We showed that despite the rapid census recovery, Alpine ibex carry a persistent genomic signature of their reintroduction history. We discuss how genomic monitoring can serve as an early indicator of inbreeding.

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“…As our focus was initial post‐release behaviour, we studied post‐release dispersal during the first year following the individual’s release. To account for differences in age, we divided each sex into two age classes (breeders and juveniles), defined according to age at first reproduction in the source population: female juveniles = age 0‐4, female breeders = age 5 and over; male juveniles = age 0‐5, male breeders = age 6 and over (Refoyo et al ., 2015).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic factors, release conditions and presence of conspecifics affect post‐release dispersal after translocation of Iberian ibex

Garnier

Besnard

Crampe

et al. 2021

Animal Conservation

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Translocation is an important tool in restoring biodiversity, particularly when species have been extirpated from an area. In the period just after release, the main objective of conservation managers is to keep as many of the translocated individuals in the release area as possible, in order to maximize the number of founders of the new population. Environmental and intrinsic factors, release conditions and social behaviour are likely to influence an individual’s propensity to move away from the release site (known as post‐release dispersal); however, few studies have explored the relative importance of these factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate how these four factors affected the post‐release dispersal of 169 Iberian ibex translocated from Spain to the French Pyrenees. We modelled the linear distance between the barycentre of each individual ibex’s monthly locations and the release site. Our results indicated that most individuals stayed close to the release site, but that inter‐individual variability was high. Post‐release dispersal was higher for males than females, with male breeders exhibiting higher exploration behaviour than juveniles. Release season played a major role, with dispersal being the lowest in spring and the highest during the rutting period. Dispersal was also found to be lower when conspecifics were present in the release area, probably due to their role as a cue for favourable habitat. These findings can be used by conservation managers to inform translocation strategies in order to enhance success: for example by releasing females and young males in spring and splitting a reintroduction project into successive release operations.

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Demographic trends of a reintroduced Iberian ibex Capra pyrenaica victoriae population in central Spain

Cited by 26 publications

References 7 publications

A pressure indicator for the impact of Iberian wild goat on moss and soils in a Mediterranean climate

A pressure indicator for the impact of Iberian wild goat on moss and soils in a Mediterranean climate

Population genomics analyses of European ibex species show lower diversity and higher inbreeding in reintroduced populations

Intrinsic factors, release conditions and presence of conspecifics affect post‐release dispersal after translocation of Iberian ibex

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