Demographic variations between blood donors and nondonors attending primary health care centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 2018–2019: a cross-sectional study

Salem, ImanM.W; Alshaikh, Haifa M.; Elhassan, Hanaa A.E.A

doi:10.4103/azmj.azmj_160_19

Cited by 1 publication

(6 citation statements)

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“…Similar findings were reported in an Iranian sample of FND patients [21,41]. In prior studies of Saudi patients with somatization, social stressors, educational difficulties, and other stressors were emphasized [6,8,9]. Therefore, the prevalence of sexual abuse may be lower than that observed in Western patient populations, and family disputes may be a more important risk factor in a hierarchical society where a struggle between modernity and conservatism continues to unfold.…”

Section: Fnd In Saudi Arabia: Insights and Recommendationssupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Cognitive symptoms were frequent among this sample and may be associated with negative patient outcomes. Previous cross-sectional studies from Saudi Arabia, Oman, and Qatar found higher rates of somatization than FND and demonstrated a high prevalence of pain, sensory symptoms, and fatigue [6][7][8][9]24,25]. In neighboring Iran, PNES was also found to be the most common FND subtype, and the severity of symptoms was found to be higher than a comparison group from South America.…”

Section: Clinical Features: the Era Of Positive Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 75%

“…These beliefs may have clinical implications and may be associated with stigma [12,42]. Somatic symptoms, pain, and anxiety also seem to be particularly prevalent in Saudi patients with somatoform disorder, and somatization was more commonly observed than FND [6][7][8][9]. Previous cross-sectional studies from the region also found higher rates of somatization than FND [6][7][8][9]24,25].…”

Section: Key Recommendations To Advance Fnd Clinical Care and Researc...mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Somatic symptoms, pain, and anxiety also seem to be particularly prevalent in Saudi patients with somatoform disorder, and somatization was more commonly observed than FND [6][7][8][9]. Previous cross-sectional studies from the region also found higher rates of somatization than FND [6][7][8][9]24,25]. This may be because specific FND criteria were not systematically used in clinical practice where these studies were done, but there may be a distinct profile of somatoform psychopathology in this region where psychosocial stressors are more likely to be expressed through somatization rather than repression and dissociation.…”

Section: Key Recommendations To Advance Fnd Clinical Care and Researc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This wave of focus on FND research and clinical care has not made a significant impact in the Middle Eastern Arab countries and literature on FND from this region remains limited. In Saudi Arabia, evidence suggests the prevalence of somatoform and related disorders is at least on par with the rest of the world, ranging between 5 and 40% [6][7][8][9]. Studies from the region suggest practitioners' views on FND may be outdated, and practitioners may be unfamiliar with the contemporary perspective on FND and the potential specific aspects of the disorder in the region [7,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional Neurological Disorder in Saudi Arabia: An Update

Tayeb

2023

Cureus

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Functional neurological disorder (FND) is characterized by neurological symptoms that lack congruence with traditional neurological diagnoses. Historically viewed through a Freudian psychoanalytic lens, FND has been conceptualized as a purely psychogenic disorder. However, the contemporary biopsychosocial perspective on FND emphasizes contributions of cognitive and neural circuit dysfunction and the disabling and involuntary nature of the illness. In Saudi Arabia, evidence suggests the prevalence of FND is significant. However, clinical programs and research focused on FND have been lacking. Studies from the region indicate that practitioners may have outdated views of FND. To address this, this narrative review provides an updated perspective on FND that is relevant to Saudi Arabia and the region. It delves into the evolving perception of FND, its underlying pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical presentations, and recent diagnostic and management advances. Unique features of FND in Saudi Arabia may include a significant role for family disputes as a risk factor, prevalent supernatural perceptions of FND, high prevalence of somatization, and cognitive dysfunction, and a potential favorable prognosis. The article concludes by providing the following recommendations related to FND in Saudi Arabia and the region: i) building educational programs to update clinicians about contemporary biopsychosocial perspectives on FND; ii) emphasizing a positive diagnostic approach based on clinical findings in FND; iii) instituting multidisciplinary programs to care for FND patients; iv) supporting systematic research efforts to explore culture-specific FND risk factors, patient outcome measures, and attitudes toward the disorder; v) developing national FND clinical practice guidelines; and vi) launching awareness campaigns to reduce FND stigma.

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