“…This research is dedicated to the empirical study of tax aggressiveness and market power of companies that is a contemporary theme (Dyreng et al, 2008;Hanlon & Heitzman, 2010;Lietz, 2013;Eichner & Pethig, 2019;Cui, 2019;Lai, 2019;Garella & Trentinaglia, 2019;Yenipazarli, 2019;Yu et al, 2019;Morita, et al, 2020;Pian et al, 2020;Anand & Giraud-Carrier, 2020;Ahmadi & Ghezavati, 2020;Wu, 2021). In fact, Lietz (2013) conceptualized tax aggressiveness as explicit income tax reductions.…”