Demography

Abstract

Demography is the study by statistical methods of human populants involving the measurement of their size, growth and diminution, the proportions living within some areas, being born, marrying, having children or dying and the related functions of fertility, nuptially and morality. This book begins by defining a number of concepts which are useful for demographic analysis, including the significant events in life and types of statistical data which are collected, published and used. It then describes the various kinds of change which can occur and the underlying causes - social, economic and political. The central section provides an account of the history of population growth and development, and of the situation on an international and national scale. Resources available for the support of mankind and their relationship with living standards are explored. The politics of population and the prospects for the future are also described.

Decrement tables and the measurement of morbidity: II

“…In general the point prevalence rate of Z at age y = x + s, following the definition in § 2.4.3, is given by (13) Decrement Tables and the Measurement of Morbidity: II 79 If there is non-differential mortality i.e. at all ages u then it can be shown from the above definitions that (13) reduces to (14) i.e. Under this assumption, there is therefore a simple and direct relationship between the point prevalence rate and the single decrement incidence table based solely on incidence rates.…”

“…Elsewhere, equation (14) has been derived using the assumed equality of and where the force of mortality for an individual aged u irrespective of disease status. (6) The similarity between assuming and assuming may be established as follows (15) So assuming is equivalent to assuming (i.e.…”

“…When incidence does not change, each cohort has the same series of Measuring prevalence at a census is then equivalent to following up a cohort through time; so that (16) 80 Decrement Tables and the Measurement of Morbidity: II where is the point prevalence rate at a census for all persons aged y in the community. If the conditions for equation (14) are fulfilled (as in § 4.1) then…”

“…This approach is similar to calculating parity-specific fertility rates and first marriage rates for cohorts in demography. (13)(14)(15) The equality (28) has the advantage that it avoids the necessity to have complete information about the denominator, i.e. the number of person-years lived in the various statuses.…”

Multiplicative Hazard Models for Studying the Evolution of Mortality

“…The Standardised Mortality Ratio (SMR) may be misleading as a singlefigure indicator to study the evolution of mortality or to compare two different mortality experiences (see, for example, Cox, 1976). In this work, a non-parametric smoothing method is applied to show the degree of bias arising from the use of the SMR.…”