Demography Part 2: Population Growth and Fertility Regulation

Ellison, Peter T.; Bogin, Barry; O'Rourke, Mary T.

doi:10.1002/9781118108062.ch15

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…More dependable, higher calorie food supplies, a reduction in workload, and more readily available weaning foods would both increase the energy available to mothers and decrease the necessary weaning time. Fecundity (the biological potential for childbearing) can be sensitive to energetic stress, and even moderate energetic stress appears to suppress ovarian hormone levels (Ellison et al, 2012). With decreased mobility associated with an agricultural lifestyle and a carbohydrate-based, calorie-dense diet, women would likely be under less energetic stress and thus more fecund.…”

Section: Fertility In Prehistoric Agricultural Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Re-search shows that maternal physiology acts to lower the chance of another conception when energetic investment in the current child is still high. Lactation is energetically expensive, and if the weaning age is decreased due to supplementation of weaning foods, the mother may return to a fecund state more quickly (Ellison, Bogin, & O'Rourke, 2012). Ethnographic comparisons with modern foraging societies show that they generally exhibit longer interbirth intervals (generally 3-4 years) and decreased fertility due to longer breastfeeding periods, higher mobility/activity level, and seasonal weight fluctuations with resource availability (Eshed et al, 2004;Hitchcock, 1982;Howell, 1979).…”

Section: Fertility In Prehistoric Agricultural Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Periodontal health and the lifecourse approach in bioarchaeology

Watson

Tuggle

2019

DAJ

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Healthy periodontal tissues are essential to maintaining attachment, stability, and retention of teeth. The concept of ‘health’ is problematic however and includes both physical and psycho-social characteristics. The challenge for bioarchaeologists is defining what physical expression begins to affect an individual’s well-being. Here we apply a lifecourse approach to the measurement of periodontal tissue depth (CEJ-AC) at M1 in a prehistoric sample (N = 162) from the American Southwest to test the hypothesis that age and sex differences bear the greatest impact on the expression of periodontitis. CEJ-AC at M1 increased significantly (p<.001) across age stages from 1.5 ±0.5mm (15-20yo) to 4.25 ±0.25mm in the old age group (40-50yo). Occlusal surface wear and alveolar crest (AC) resorption were considerably variable (non-significant) between sexes; however, tooth loss at M1 is more than double among females compared to males in the final decades 40-50yo and 50-60yo. Results support the hypothesis that periodontal tissue loss differentially affects females across the lifecourse. Bacterial infection, chronic gingivitis, and bony resorption cause the physical symptoms of periodontal disease but may not be accompanied by pain or altered functionality. The outcome of the disease process is tooth loss, which can affect functionality and quality of life. Periodontal ‘health’ is therefore best interpreted in bioarchaeological samples around the point that alveolar recession results in tooth loss and altered functionality.

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Section: Fertility In Prehistoric Agricultural Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fertility In Prehistoric Agricultural Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodontal health and the lifecourse approach in bioarchaeology

Watson

Tuggle

2019

DAJ

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“…Central to the development of a life history approach in human population biology has been the tremendous growth in our understanding of variation in human reproductive function during the post‐IBP era. The emergence and development of the field of human reproductive ecology in the 1980s and 1990s reflected the integration of theoretical perspectives from ecology and demography with new technologies for accurately measuring reproductive function (Ellison, Bogin, & O'rourke, ; Leslie, Campbell, Little, & Kigondu, ). This research documented the interacting influences of lactation/infant feeding patterns, energy dynamics, and physical nutritional status in shaping variation in female reproduction function and fertility.…”

Section: Life History Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Centennial perspective on human adaptability

Leonard

2018

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…This general pattern suggests that decrease in birth spacing and increased velocity of population growth are closely related (Katzenberg, Herring, & Saunders, ; and see Buikstra et al, ). The link between lactation and female fecundity speaks to the high energetic investment associated with producing milk for the infant's consumption (Ellison, Bogin, & O'Rourke, ). Ellison et al () argue that natural selection may have influenced the mother's reproductive capacity during the period when her investment in the young infant is most elevated.…”

Section: Revolution 2: Stable Isotope Record For Reconstructing Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The link between lactation and female fecundity speaks to the high energetic investment associated with producing milk for the infant's consumption (Ellison, Bogin, & O'Rourke, ). Ellison et al () argue that natural selection may have influenced the mother's reproductive capacity during the period when her investment in the young infant is most elevated.…”

Section: Revolution 2: Stable Isotope Record For Reconstructing Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioarchaeology in perspective: From classifications of the dead to conditions of the living

Larsen

2018

American J Phys Anthropol

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At no other time in either the history of physical anthropology or its flagship journal, the American Journal of Physical Anthropology, has there been such strong interest in the central role that human remains from archaeological settings play in developing an understanding of the remarkably dynamic last 10,000 years of the history, evolution, and contextual circumstances surrounding the human condition. Over the course of my association with bioarchaeology, I have watched the expanding interest in the study of the remains of post-Pleistocene humans as expressed in the number of articles in the pages of the AJPA, increasing class enrollments and student interest generally, number of faculty positions, summer field schools around the globe, graduate student interest and recruiting, volume of presentations at the annual meetings of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, growth in other related professional societies (e.g., Paleopathology Association, Dental Anthropology Association, British Association for Biological Anthropology and Osteoarchaeology), new peerreviewed journals, book series, and presence in electronic news media. I knew that bones and teeth were amazingly interesting when I took my first osteology course taught by William Bass in my freshman year at Kansas State University, but I had no idea of the broad extent of the fund of data archaeological human skeletons provide for addressing hypotheses and questions about the human past, especially as these questions pertain to environment viewed broadly-diet, nutrition, climate, social and cultural circumstances, health, lifestyle, activity, biological relatedness, and social, cultural, and population dynamics. As bioarchaeology has shown, a person's skeleton contains their cumulative record of lived experiences and conditions, and skeletons from community cemeteries provide a record over many generations. Moreover, the individual and community genetic history gives us a baseline for addressing questions of how population history-from marriage patterns to large scale mobility-has shaped human biology through time and space.

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Demography Part 2: Population Growth and Fertility Regulation

Cited by 5 publications

References 96 publications

Periodontal health and the lifecourse approach in bioarchaeology

Periodontal health and the lifecourse approach in bioarchaeology

Centennial perspective on human adaptability

Bioarchaeology in perspective: From classifications of the dead to conditions of the living

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