Background With aging, it is important to maintain cognitive and motor functions to
ensure autonomy and quality of life. During the acquisition of motor skills,
it is necessary for the elderly to understand the purpose of the proposed
activities. Physical and mental practice, as well as demonstrations, are
strategies used to learn movements. Objectives To investigate the influence of mental practice and the observation of
movement on motor memory and to understand the relationship between
cognitive function and motor performance in the execution of a sequence of
digital movements in the elderly. Method This was a cross-sectional study conducted with 45 young and 45 aged
subjects. The instruments used were Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE),
Manual Preference Inventory and a Digital Motor Task (composed of a training
of a sequence of movements, an interval and a test phase). The subjects were
divided into three subgroups: control, mental practice and observation of
movement. Results The elderly depend more strongly on mental practice for the acquisition of a
motor memory. In comparing the performances of people in different age
groups, we found that in the elderly, there was a negative correlation
between the MMSE score and the execution time as well as the number of
errors in the motor task. Conclusions For the elderly, mental practice can advantage motor performance. Also,
there is a significant relationship between cognitive function, learning and
the execution of new motor skills.