Demonstrating Principle Aspects of Peptide‐ and Protein‐ Based Hydrogels Using Metallogels Examples

Abstract

Hydrogels are 3-dimensional networks composed of synthetic or natural polymers that absorb and retain water. They are formed when polymeric chains are cross-linked by covalent or non-covalent bonds. Hydrogels formed by peptides and proteins are unique due to their bioactivity and biocompatibility. Particularly interesting peptide-or proteinbased hydrogels are metallogels, hydrogels that form by proteins and peptides that interact with metal ions. Metallogels are potential candidates for medical applications because metal ions are essential for living organisms, for example in respiration, proper growth and development of tissues, red blood cell formation, and immune system stimulation. In this review, we describe general principles of hydrogel formation and we demonstrate them using specific metallogels examples. We focus on physically cross-linked hydrogels and briefly review their formation mechanism, characterization, mechanical properties, and applications.

Titanium complexes affectBacillus subtilisbiofilm formation

“…Frequency sweep measurements of the storage ( G ′) and loss ( G ′′) moduli in the frequency, reflect the elastic- and viscous-like properties of the samples, respectively. G ′ was larger than G ′′ in the measured frequency range 0.1–100 rad s −1 (0.016–16 Hz) and both G ′ and G ′′ exhibited roughly plateau values, as expected for gels 40 (Fig. SI1†).…”

State-of-the-Art Insights and Potential Applications of Cellulose-Based Hydrogels in Food Packaging: Advances towards Sustainable Trends

“…Physically cross-linked hydrogels are formed through reversible, non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, or physical entanglements between the polymer chains. These interactions allow the hydrogel to form a three-dimensional network structure that can absorb and retain large amounts of water [ 80 ]. Chemically cross-linked hydrogels, on the other hand, are formed via covalent bonds between different polymer chains, resulting in an irreversible and stable network structure.…”

Exploration of Variable Solvent Directed Self-Healable Supramolecular M(II)-Metallogels (M = Co, Ni, Zn) of Azelaic Acid: Investigating Temperature-Dependent Ion Conductivity and Antibacterial Efficiency

“…hydrogen bonding interaction, van der Waals forces, dipole–dipole, charge transfer, π–π stacking, etc., are established in literature. − Integration of metal ion with the gelators proposes a noteworthy platform to functionalize soft materials with added superior beneficial functionalities . Few celebrated practical applications of gels such as nonlinear optics, , artificial light-harvesting systems, , molecular sensing, , biomedical applications, drug delivery, − tissue engineering, , cell imaging, antibacterial and antifungal activity, − 3D printing, magnetism, , catalysis, , electronics, − light emitting diodes, biotechnology, , etc. are recognized in the scientific domain.…”