Demonstration in living cells of an intragenic negative regulatory element within the rodent c-fos gene

Expression of a constitutive NF-kappa B-like activity is essential for proliferation of cultured bovine vascular smooth muscle cells.

“…As another measure of the specificity of inhibition of NF-KB/Rel binding on SMC proliferation, oligonucleotides harboring wild-type and mutant NF-KB sequences were microinjected into the SMCs. Recent data has demonstrated that microinjection of ds oligonucleotide harboring a transcription factor binding site can compete in vivo and inhibit the activity of the factor (18). SMCs were microinjected with ds wild-type NF-KB oligonucleotides from the c-myc gene (URE) or the kappa light chain gene (KB), which have both been shown to be functional within these cells (9).…”

Transcriptional Repression, a Novel Function for 3' Untranslated Regions

“…Typical examples are represented by the negative element identified in the first exon of the rodent c-fos gene [34], positive and negative elements found in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae lipoamide dehydrogenase type-I gene [35] and a negative element which binds the tumor suppressor WT1 in the insulin-like growthfactor-I receptor gene [36]. In contrast, very few examples of putative regulatory sequences located in 3' UTRs have so far been identified.…”

Interleukin-7 induces N-myc and c-myc expression in normal precursor B lymphocytes.

“…In addition, our current results are different from those of another recent study concluding that transcription of the full N-myc gene occurs in most cell types v^^ith steadystate RNA expression levels being regulated by posttranscriptional mechanisms (Babiss and Friedman 1990). Transcriptional attenuation of the c-myc, L-myc, c-myb and c-/os genes can occur between the beginning of exons 1 and 2, and in several cases, control of elongation through this region has been shown to contribute to regulated gene expression (Bentley and Groudine 1986;Bender et al 1987;Nepvu et al 1987;Krystal et al 1988;Watson 1988;Lamb et al 1990;Mechti et al 1991; for review, see Rivera and Greenberg 1990;. A short portion of the first exons of the murine and human c-myc genes, which contains a potential stem-loop structure, has been shown to mediate a transcriptional block (Bentley and Groudine 1988;Miller et al 1989;Wright and Bishop 1989).…”