“…Up to now, many schemes have been demonstrated to realize various elementary optical logic operations, including AND, OR, NOT, XOR, XNOR, NAND, and NOR [32,55,61,62,[76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85]. By combining multiple elementary optical logic operations, advanced logic operations such as half-adder, half-subtractor, full-adder, and full-subtractor have also been proposed and demonstrated [36,[86][87][88][89][90][91].…”