Demonstration of a desk-top size high repetition rate soft x-ray laser

Heinbuch, S.; Grisham, M.; Martz, Dale; Rocca, J. J.

doi:10.1364/opex.13.004050

Cited by 169 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A tabletop soft x-ray laser ͑26.5 eV photons͒ is used as the single photon ionization source. 13 The laser emits pulses of approximately 1 ns duration with an energy of approximately 10 J/pulse at a repetition rate of up to 12 Hz. Laser action is produced by electron impact ionization to generate Ne-like argon ions in the plasma of a fast capillary discharge.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single photon ionization of hydrogen bonded clusters with a soft x-ray laser: (HCOOH)x and (HCOOH)y(H2O)z

Heinbuch

Dong

Rocca

et al. 2007

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Pure, neutral formic acid ͑HCOOH͒ n+1 clusters and mixed ͑HCOOH͒ / ͑H 2 O͒ clusters are investigated employing time of flight mass spectroscopy and single photon ionization at 26.5 eV using a very compact, capillary discharge, soft x-ray laser. During the ionization process, neutral clusters suffer little fragmentation because almost all excess energy above the vertical ionization energy is taken away by the photoelectron, leaving only a small part of the photon energy deposited into the ͑HCOOH͒ n+1 + cluster. The vertical ionization energy minus the adiabatic ionization energy is enough excess energy in the clusters to surmount the proton transfer energy barrier and induce the reaction ͑HCOOH͒ n+1 + → ͑HCOOH͒ n H + + HCOO making the protonated ͑HCOOH͒ n H + series dominant in all data obtained. The distribution of pure ͑HCOOH͒ n H + clusters is dependent on experimental conditions. Under certain conditions, a magic number is found at n = 5. Metastable dissociation rate constants of ͑HCOOH͒ n H + are measured in the range ͑0.1-0.8͒ ϫ 10 4 s −1 for cluster sizes 4 Ͻ n Ͻ 9. The rate constants display an odd/even alternating behavior between monomer and dimer loss that can be attributed to the structure of the cluster. When small amounts of water are added to the formic acid, the predominant signals in the mass spectrum are still ͑HCOOH͒ n H + cluster ions. Also observed are the protonated mixed cluster series ͑HCOOH͒ n ͑H 2 O͒ m H + for n =1-8 and m =0-4. A magic number in the cluster series n =5, m =1 is observed. The mechanisms and dynamics of formation of these neutral and ionic clusters are discussed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single photon ionization of hydrogen bonded clusters with a soft x-ray laser: (HCOOH)x and (HCOOH)y(H2O)z

Heinbuch

Dong

Rocca

et al. 2007

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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“…The orange dot highlights the CED for a particle with a radius of 90 nm -Use an even shorter UV wavelength of ≤ 50 nm For even shorter wavelengths, fused silica becomes transparent again. Lasers at this wavelength are available [47], and we are confident that the need of the semi-conductor industry for short-wavelength lasers will lead to a fast increase of the TRL of these devices. -Improve the material and/or environment parameters Figure 2 shows how various changes to the absorption or mass-density of the material of the nanosphere and/or a lower temperature of the environment can lead to significantly larger values of the CED.…”

Section: Comparison Of Quantum Theory and Macrorealistic Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroscopic quantum resonators (MAQRO)

Hechenblaikner²,

et al. 2012

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Quantum physics challenges our understanding of the nature of physical reality and of space-time and suggests the necessity of radical revisions of their underlying concepts. Experimental tests of quantum phenomena involving massive macroscopic objects would provide novel insights into these fundamental questions. Making use of the unique environment provided by space, MAQRO aims at investigating this largely unexplored realm of macroscopic quantum physics. MAQRO has originally been proposed as a medium-sized fundamental-science space mission for the 2010 call of Cosmic Vision. MAQRO unites two experiments: DECIDE (DECoherence In Double-Slit Experiments) and CASE (Comparative Acceleration Sensing Experiment). The main scientific objective of MAQRO, which is addressed by the experiment DECIDE, is to test the predictions of quantum theory for quantum superpositions of macroscopic objects containing more than 10 8 atoms. Under these conditions, deviations due to various suggested alternative models to quantum theory would become visible. These models have been suggested to harmonize the paradoxical quantum phenomena both with the classical macroscopic world and with our notion of Minkowski space-time. second scientific objective of MAQRO, which is addressed by the experiment CASE, is to demonstrate the performance of a novel type of inertial sensor based on optically trapped microspheres. CASE is a technology demonstrator that shows how the modular design of DECIDE allows to easily incorporate it with other missions that have compatible requirements in terms of spacecraft and orbit. CASE can, at the same time, serve as a test bench for the weak equivalence principle, i.e., the universality of free fall with test-masses differing in their mass by 7 orders of magnitude.

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“…These sources represented, for example, by free-electron lasers [1][2][3], laser-produced plasma-based lasers [4,5], high-order harmonics [6,7], and capillary discharge lasers [8,9], provide a large variety of interaction conditions. In the soft xray and XUV spectral domains, laser-matter interaction processes are strongly influenced by laser parameters, i.e., pulse energy, pulse duration, central wavelength, peak intensity, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-thermal desorption/ablation of molecular solids induced by ultra-short soft x-ray pulses

Chalupský¹,

Juha²,

Hájková³

et al. 2008

Opt. Express

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Abstract:We report the first observation of single-shot soft x-ray laser induced desorption occurring below the ablation threshold in a thin layer of poly (methyl methacrylate) -PMMA. Irradiated by the focused beam from the Free-electron LASer in Hamburg (FLASH) at 21.7nm, the samples have been investigated by atomic-force microscope (AFM) enabling the visualization of mild surface modifications caused by the desorption. A model describing non-thermal desorption and ablation has been developed and used to analyze single-shot imprints in PMMA. An intermediate regime of materials removal has been found, confirming model predictions. We also report below-threshold multiple-shot desorption of PMMA induced by high-order harmonics (HOH) at 32nm. Short-time exposure imprints provide sufficient information about transverse beam profile in HOH's tight focus whereas long-time exposed PMMA exhibits radiation-initiated surface hardening making the beam profile measurement infeasible. B. Rus, A. Carillon, P. Dhez, P. Jaeglé, G. Jamelot, A. Klisnick, M. Nantel, and P. Zeitoun, "An efficient, high-brightness soft X-ray laser at 21.2 nm," Phys. Rev. A55, 3858-3873 (1997 S. Heinbuch, M. Grisham, D. Martz, and J. J. Rocca, "Demonstration of a desk-top size high repetition rate soft x-ray laser," Opt. Express 13, 4050-4055 (2005). 10. P. E. Dyer, "Excimer laser polymer ablation: twenty years on," Appl. Phys. A77, 167-173 (2003), and references cited therein. 11. L. V. Zhigilei, B. J. Garrison, "Molecular dynamics simulation study of the fluence dependence of particle yield and plume composition in laser desorption and ablation of organic solids," Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 1341-1343 (1999)

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Demonstration of a desk-top size high repetition rate soft x-ray laser

Cited by 169 publications

References 23 publications

Single photon ionization of hydrogen bonded clusters with a soft x-ray laser: (HCOOH)x and (HCOOH)y(H2O)z

Single photon ionization of hydrogen bonded clusters with a soft x-ray laser: (HCOOH)x and (HCOOH)y(H2O)z

Macroscopic quantum resonators (MAQRO)

Non-thermal desorption/ablation of molecular solids induced by ultra-short soft x-ray pulses

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