Demonstration of an Acyltransferase Activity in Chloroplast Envelopes

Heinz, Ernst; Bertrams, M.; Joyard, Jacques; Douce, Roland

doi:10.1016/s0044-328x(78)80278-5

Cited by 31 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Bovine serum albumin exerts its protective effect by binding the liberated fatty acids. In the present studies a similar action by a chloroplast localized lipase or acyltransferase (19,20,26) can be responsible for the observed degradation and transformations of the acyl lipids in the stroma lamellae and the photosystem II vesicles. These lipases or acyl transferases may be compartmentalized and only have a limited access to their substrates in the lamellar systems.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Pigment and acyl lipid composition of photosystem I and II vesicles and of photosynthetic mutants in barley

Henry

Mikkelsen

Møller

1983

Carlsberg Res. Commun.

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The pigment and acyl lipid composition ofphotochemically active stroma lamellae and inside-out photosystem II vesicles have been investigated. Mechanical disruption followed by phase partitioning in an aqueous two phase system resulted in a clean separation of the photosystems. A qualitative and quantitative determination of the pigment content was achieved using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. A single chromatographic separation provided adequate resolution of neoxanthin, violaxanthin, lutein, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a, and 13-carotene and was completed in 22 min. For each molecule of P700, the stroma lamellae contained 166 molecules of chlorophyll a, 14 molecules of chlorophyll b, 0 molecules of neoxanthin, 3 molecules of violaxanthin, 7 molecules of lutein, and 13 molecules of 13-carotene. For each molecule of P680 the photosystem II vesicles contained 250 molecules of chlorophyll a, 100 molecules of chlorophyll b, 7 molecules of neoxanthin, 7 molecules of violaxanthin, 22 molecules of lutein, and 4 molecules of l~-carotene. The pigment content of three photosynthetic mutants chlorina-[2, viridis-zb63 and viridis-zd69 was determined. On a chlorophyll basis, these mutants generally showed a reduced carotenoid content, except that chlorina-f2 had an increased level ofl3-earotene and viridis-zd69 an unaltered level of lutein.The acyl lipid composition of stroma lamellae, photosystem II vesicles and lamellar systems was also determined. Although the photochemical activities of the stroma lamellae and photosystem II vesicles were enriched compared to the parent lamellar system, more than 50% of the acyl lipids in the subchloroplastic membranes were degraded or severely modified resulting in a drastically reduced content of monogalactosyldiglyceride and digalactosyldiglyceride in the stroma lamellae and photosystem II vesicles. Due to the lipolytic degradation the level of saturation in the gatactolipids was higher in stroma lamellae and photosystem II vesicles compared with the lamellar system. Stroma lamellae do not contain the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein, but were enriched in phosphatidylglycerol and trans-3-hexadecenoic acid.Abbreviations: Chl = chlorophyll; ChI-P = chlorophyll-protein; DG = digalactosyldiglyceride; GLC = gas-liquid chromatography; HPLC = high-performance liquid chromatography; MG = monogalactosyldiglyceride; PC = phosphatidylcholine; PG = phosphatidylglycerol; PI = phosphatidylinositol; SL = sulfoquinovosyldiglyceride; TLC = thin layer chromatography.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Pigment and acyl lipid composition of photosystem I and II vesicles and of photosynthetic mutants in barley

Henry

Mikkelsen

Møller

1983

Carlsberg Res. Commun.

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“…As oat leaves accumulated large amounts of acyl‐MGDG after freeze‐thawing, we decided to test if the enzyme could be purified from this tissue. Previous reports indicate that the enzyme is at peak activity at pH 5.3 and that deoxycholate is a suitable detergent for solubilizing the lipid substrate (Heinz, 1967b, ; Heinz et al ., ). Since oat is an 18:3‐plant, very little 16:3‐containing MGDG is present in the tissue.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The presence of head group acyl‐MGDG in plant tissue has been known for almost 50 years. The data presented here and elsewhere (Liedvogel and Kleinig, ; Heinz et al ., ; Matsuzaki et al ., ; Vu et al ., , ) suggest that the ability to produce acyl‐MGDG species is a ubiquitous feature in the plant kingdom. The cellular content of acyl‐MGDGs and the capacity to accumulate them in response to wounding appear to vary considerably among species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The concentration of the acylated galactolipids in situ is normally low and tissue disruption induces their formation from the ‘normal’ diacyl galactolipids present in the thylakoid membrane (Heinz, 1967b). The enzymatic activity catalyzing the transacylation is associated with the chloroplast envelope (Heinz et al ., ) and highly enriched in the outer envelope membrane (Heemskerk et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acylated monogalactosyl diacylglycerol: prevalence in the plant kingdom and identification of an enzyme catalyzing galactolipid head group acylation in Arabidopsis thaliana

et al. 2015

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SUMMARYThe lipid phase of the thylakoid membrane is mainly composed of the galactolipids mono-and digalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG and DGDG, respectively). It has been known since the late 1960s that MGDG can be acylated with a third fatty acid to the galactose head group (acyl-MGDG) in plant leaf homogenates. In certain brassicaceous plants like Arabidopsis thaliana, the acyl-MGDG frequently incorporates oxidized fatty acids in the form of the jasmonic acid precursor 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA). In the present study we further investigated the distribution of acylated and OPDA-containing galactolipids in the plant kingdom. While acyl-MGDG was found to be ubiquitous in green tissue of plants ranging from non-vascular plants to angiosperms, OPDA-containing galactolipids were only present in plants from a few genera. A candidate protein responsible for the acyl transfer was identified in Avena sativa (oat) leaf tissue using biochemical fractionation and proteomics. Knockout of the orthologous gene in A. thaliana resulted in an almost total elimination of the ability to form both non-oxidized and OPDA-containing acyl-MGDG. In addition, heterologous expression of the A. thaliana gene in E. coli demonstrated that the protein catalyzed acylation of MGDG. We thus demonstrate that a phylogenetically conserved enzyme is responsible for the accumulation of acyl-MGDG in A. thaliana. The activity of this enzyme in vivo is strongly enhanced by freezing damage and the hypersensitive response.

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“…Acylated galactolipids are thought to be artificial lipids formed at low pH in leaf homogenates after destruction of cellular compartmentation [36]. It is surprising that isolated envelopes brought to low pH formed mainly acylated monogalactosyl diacylglycerol and not acylated digalactosyl diacylglycerol [12], whereas in lipids from isolated envelopes only a trace of acylated monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (identity confirmed by mass spectrometry) but a lot of acylated digalactosyl diacylglycerol was detected.…”

Section: Pigments and Lipids Of The Envelopementioning

confidence: 98%

Characterization of Lipids from Chloroplast Envelopes

et al. 1979

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The major neutral, glycolipids and phospholipids from envelopes of spinach chloroplasts were analyzed with respect to proportions, positional distribution and pairing of fatty acids. All specificities in the diacylglycerol portions of lipids known from previous analyses of lipids from whole leaves were also found in envelope lipids. Diacylglycerols and galactolipids share a common diacylglycerol portion. The only exception is digalactosyl diacylglycerol, which contains 18 : 3/16 : 0 but lacks 18 : 3/16 : 3 species reverting the distribution in other galactolipids. Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol are distinct from the galactolipids, because each one has a unique diacylglycerol profile. The diacylglycerol species present in phosphatidylcholine and galactolipids or free diacylglycerols do not provide evidence for a biogenetic relation between phosphatidylcholine and galactolipids at the level of envelopes.

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Demonstration of an Acyltransferase Activity in Chloroplast Envelopes

Cited by 31 publications

References 29 publications

Pigment and acyl lipid composition of photosystem I and II vesicles and of photosynthetic mutants in barley

Pigment and acyl lipid composition of photosystem I and II vesicles and of photosynthetic mutants in barley

Acylated monogalactosyl diacylglycerol: prevalence in the plant kingdom and identification of an enzyme catalyzing galactolipid head group acylation in Arabidopsis thaliana

Characterization of Lipids from Chloroplast Envelopes

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