Demonstration of an electric field conjugation algorithm for improved starlight rejection through a single mode optical fiber

Sayson, Jorge Llop; Ruane, Garreth; Mawet, Dimitri; Jovanović, Nemanja; Calvin, Benjamin; Levraud, Nicolas; Roberson, Milan; Delorme, Jacques-Robert; Echeverri, Daniel; Klimovich, Nikita; Xin, Yeyuan

doi:10.1117/1.jatis.5.1.019004

Cited by 16 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…[22][23][24][25] Coronagraph instruments are also starting to take advantage of SMFs for improving the rejection of stellar speckles in cases where the planet is spatially resolved from the star. 26,27 Thus, the optics required for VFN are readily available and may be commonplace in future adaptive optics (AO) instruments designed for exoplanet science.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vortex fiber nulling for exoplanet observations: conceptual design, theoretical performance, and initial scientific yield predictions

Ruane¹,

Echeverri²,

Jovanović

et al. 2019

Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets IX

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Vortex fiber nulling (VFN) is a method that may enable the detection and characterization of exoplanets at small angular separations (0.5-2 λ/D) with ground-and space-based telescopes. Since the field of view is within the inner working angle of most coronagraphs, nulling accesses non-transiting planets that are otherwise too close to their star for spectral characterization by other means, thereby significantly increasing the number of known exoplanets available for direct spectroscopy in the near-infrared. Furthermore, VFN targets planets on closer-in orbits which tend to have more favorable planet-to-star flux ratios in reflected light. Here, we present the theory and applications of VFN, show that the optical performance is approximately equivalent for a variety of implementations and aperture shapes, and discuss the trade-offs between throughput and engineering requirements using numerical simulations. We compare vector and scalar approaches and, finally, show that beam shaping optics may be used to significantly improve the throughput for planet light. Based on theoretical performance, we estimate the number of known planets and theoretical exoEarths accessible with a VFN instrument linked to a high-resolution spectrograph on the future Thirty Meter Telescope.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vortex fiber nulling for exoplanet observations: conceptual design, theoretical performance, and initial scientific yield predictions

Ruane¹,

Echeverri²,

Jovanović

et al. 2019

Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets IX

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show abstract

“…The DM may also allow for the implementation of techniques such as speckle nulling and electric field conjugation on sky, further improving raw contrast. 10 For K-band spectroscopy, the apodizer coronagraph Figure 9. Theoretical coupling efficiency as a function of wavelength with and without the addition of the PIAA lenses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status of the Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer phase II development

Pezzato¹,

Jovanović²,

Mawet³

et al. 2019

Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets IX

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The Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer comprises of a series of upgrades to the Keck II adaptive optics system and instrument suite to improve the direct imaging and high resolution spectroscopy capabilities of the facility instruments NIRC2 and NIRSPEC, respectively. Phase I of KPIC includes a NIR pyramid wavefront sensor and a Fiber Injection Unit (FIU) to feed NIRSPEC with a single mode fiber, which have already been installed and are currently undergoing commissioning. KPIC will enable High Dispersion Coronagraphy (HDC) of directly imaged exoplanets for the first time, providing potentially improved detection significance and spectral characterization capabilities compared to direct imaging. In favorable cases, Doppler imaging, spin measurements, and molecule mapping are also possible. This science goal drives the development of phase II of KPIC, which is scheduled to be deployed in early 2020. Phase II optimizes the system throughput and contrast using a variety of additional submodules, including a 952 element deformable mirror, phase induced amplitude apodization lenses, an atmospheric dispersion compensator, multiple coronagraphs, a Zernike wavefront sensor, and multiple science ports. A testbed is being built in the Exoplanet Technology Lab at Caltech to characterize and test the design of each of these submodules before KPIC phase II is deployed to Keck. This paper presents an overview of the design of phase II and report on results from laboratory testing.

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“…For a full mathematical treatment of fiber EFC, see Ref. 31. Figure 2 shows the normalized intensity and phase structure in the telescope focal plane for one of our trials using randomized lenslet positions (the setup of this trial is described in more detail in Section 7).…”

Section: Wavefront Control Using Single-mode Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulations of a high-contrast single-mode fiber coronagraphic multiobject spectrograph for future space telescopes

Coker

Shaklan

Riggs

et al. 2019

J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst.

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Directly imaging and characterizing Earth-like exoplanets is a tremendously difficult instrumental challenge. Present coronagraphic systems have yet to achieve the required 10 −10 broadband contrast in a laboratory environment, but promising progress towards this goal continues. A new approach to starlight suppression is the use of a single-mode fiber behind a coronagraph. By using deformable mirrors to create a mismatch between incoming starlight and the fiber mode, a single-mode fiber can be turned into an integral part of the starlight suppression system. In this paper, we present simulation results of a system with five single-mode fibers coupled to shaped pupil and vortex coronagraphs. We investigate the properties of the system, including its spectral bandwidth, throughput, and sensitivity to low-order aberrations. We also compare the performance of the single-mode fiber configuration with conventional imaging and multi-object modes, finding improved spectral bandwidth, raw contrast, background-limited SNR, and demonstrate a wavefront control algorithm which is robust to tip/tilt errors.

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Demonstration of an electric field conjugation algorithm for improved starlight rejection through a single mode optical fiber

Cited by 16 publications

References 29 publications

Vortex fiber nulling for exoplanet observations: conceptual design, theoretical performance, and initial scientific yield predictions

Vortex fiber nulling for exoplanet observations: conceptual design, theoretical performance, and initial scientific yield predictions

Status of the Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer phase II development

Simulations of a high-contrast single-mode fiber coronagraphic multiobject spectrograph for future space telescopes

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