Demonstration of Antidiarrheal and Antimotility Effects of Wood Creosote

Abstract

Wood creosote administered to rats prevented castor-oil-induced diarrhea with an ED50 of 53 mg/kg p.o. This antidiarrheal effect was apparently produced by acceleration of net fluid absorption from the intestine, as shown by a 52% decrease (p < 0.001) of residual fluid volume in an intestinal loop, and partly by suppression of intestinal motility. Wood creosote also inhibited spontaneous longitudinal contractions of isolated ileal segments in rats (IC50 = 28 mg/l) and guinea pigs (IC50 = 17 mg/l). Contractions of the guinea pig ileum induced by electrical stimulation, bradykinin and acetylcholine were also inhibited dose-dependently. We conclude that wood creosote has an antidiarrheal activity and that this effect is exerted by inhibition of intestinal motility and by augmentation of net fluid absorption from the intestine.

Antidiarrheal Activity of Wood Creosote: Inhibition of Muscle Contraction and Enterotoxin-Induced Fluid Secretion in Rabbit Small Intestine

“…By focusing our attention on two features of diarrhea, namely STa-induced fluid secretion and the hypermotility of intestine, we have designed this study; we have addressed two questions: whether wood creosote inhibits STa-induced fluid secretion in rabbit jejunum in vivo, and whether it inhibits the spontaneous phasic, acetylcholine-induced tonic and Ba 2+ -induced tonic contractions of longitudinal and circular muscles of rabbit ileum ex vivo. The results obtained from STa and ileal circular muscle in this report further extend our previous studies on wood creosote [15].…”

“…We reported previously that wood creosote inhibited longitudinal phasic contractions of isolated ileum of a guinea pig with an IC 50 of 17 mg/l and of a rat with an IC 50 of 28 mg/l [15]. These values are different from the IC 50 in the rabbit experiment (130 mg/l, table 1).…”

“…Wood creosote, which is obtained from wood tar by fractional distillation and is a mixture of simple phenolic compounds with closely related structures [13], has also been prescribed for this illness for more than several decades [14]. However, the mechanism of action of wood creosote, as an antidiarrheal agent, and its pharmacokinetic data have been reported only in recent years [15][16][17][18]. By focusing our attention on two features of diarrhea, namely STa-induced fluid secretion and the hypermotility of intestine, we have designed this study; we have addressed two questions: whether wood creosote inhibits STa-induced fluid secretion in rabbit jejunum in vivo, and whether it inhibits the spontaneous phasic, acetylcholine-induced tonic and Ba 2+ -induced tonic contractions of longitudinal and circular muscles of rabbit ileum ex vivo.…”

In Vitro Effects of Wood Creosote on Enterotoxin-Induced Secretion Measured Electrophysiologically in the Rat Jejunum and Colon.

“…Our study demonstrates that wood creosote may be of particular benefit in treatment of cases with infections secretory diarrhea, since in addition to its inhibitory effects on intestinal motility, 4,14) wood creosote possesses an antisecretory effect against the secretion evoked by E. coli enterotixins. The results demonstrated that secretory responses, induced by application LT or STa into the mucosal bathing media were suppressed by wood creosote.…”

Antispasmodic and spasmolytic effects of methanolic extract from seeds of garcinia kola on isolated rat small intestine

“…Orie and Ekon (1993) have demonstrated the inhibitory effects of G. kola seeds on tracheal smooth muscle in humans. Other workers have investigated the effects of flavonoids of other plants and of synthetic flavonoids on some smooth muscle activity of experimental animals (Ogata et al, 1993;Belluco et al, 1993;Di Carlo et al, 1993). Biflavonoids from G. kola have anti-inflammatory properties (Braide, 1993), is a natural antioxidant (Olatunde et al 2002, Terashima et al, 2002Olatunde et al, 2002b;Farombi et al, 2007) and is hepatoprotective (Adaramoye and Adeyemi, 2006;Farombi et al, 2009;Adaramoye et al, 2008) Extracts from G. kola seeds have been reported to alter oestrous cycle, inhibit ovulation, induce teratogenicity (Akpantah et al, 2005), and to be non-toxic to erythrocytes even at high dose ranges (Esomonu et al, 2005).…”