Demonstration of heat production associated with spreading depression in the amphibian retina

Tasaki, Ichiji; Byrne, Paul M.

doi:10.1016/0006-291x(91)90519-d

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Based on the estimates above, tissue temperature should rise by $5 mK in the front of SD. This is only slightly smaller than the measured temperature rise between 5 and 30 mK in isolated retinae of bullfrog and toad (Tasaki and Byrne, 1991). Thermodynamically therefore, SD is a state of living neurons, in which 90% of the Gibbs free energy contained in the ion gradients is lost (''free energy starving'').…”

Section: Thermodynamic Changesmentioning

confidence: 76%

The Stroke-Migraine Depolarization Continuum

Dreier

Reiffurth

2015

Neuron

298

359

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The term spreading depolarization (SD) refers to waves of abrupt, sustained mass depolarization in gray matter of the CNS. SD, which spreads from neuron to neuron in affected tissue, is characterized by a rapid near-breakdown of the neuronal transmembrane ion gradients. SD can be induced by hypoxic conditions--such as from ischemia--and facilitates neuronal death in energy-compromised tissue. SD has also been implicated in migraine aura, where SD is assumed to ascend in well-nourished tissue and is typically benign. In addition to these two ends of the "SD continuum," an SD wave can propagate from an energy-depleted tissue into surrounding, well-nourished tissue, as is often the case in stroke and brain trauma. This review presents the neurobiology of SD--its triggers and propagation mechanisms--as well as clinical manifestations of SD, including overlaps and differences between migraine aura and stroke, and recent developments in neuromonitoring aimed at better diagnosis and more targeted treatments.

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Section: Thermodynamic Changesmentioning

confidence: 76%

The Stroke-Migraine Depolarization Continuum

Dreier

Reiffurth

2015

Neuron

298

359

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“…In contrast to the highly regulated and brief currents comprising action potentials and synaptic transmission, SD is analogous to shorting out the battery, discharging the entire membrane potential of all cells in a narrow (2-3 mm) strip of brain tissue simultaneously. SD may indeed generate heat in the tissue (250,251,473,489), although changes in blood flow complicate the measurements and interpretation (1,188). When recorded extracellularly, this massive discharge during SD creates a signature potential shift that can reach up to Ϫ30 mV or more in amplitude.…”

Section: Neurophysiological Features Of Spreading Depressionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Spreading Depression, Spreading Depolarizations, and the Cerebral Vasculature

Ayata

Lauritzen

2015

Physiological Reviews

471

600

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Spreading depression (SD) is a transient wave of near-complete neuronal and glial depolarization associated with massive transmembrane ionic and water shifts. It is evolutionarily conserved in the central nervous systems of a wide variety of species from locust to human. The depolarization spreads slowly at a rate of only millimeters per minute by way of grey matter contiguity, irrespective of functional or vascular divisions, and lasts up to a minute in otherwise normal tissue. As such, SD is a radically different breed of electrophysiological activity compared with everyday neural activity, such as action potentials and synaptic transmission. Seventy years after its discovery by Leão, the mechanisms of SD and its profound metabolic and hemodynamic effects are still debated. What we did learn of consequence, however, is that SD plays a central role in the pathophysiology of a number of diseases including migraine, ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, and traumatic brain injury. An intriguing overlap among them is that they are all neurovascular disorders. Therefore, the interplay between neurons and vascular elements is critical for our understanding of the impact of this homeostatic breakdown in patients. The challenges of translating experimental data into human pathophysiology notwithstanding, this review provides a detailed account of bidirectional interactions between brain parenchyma and the cerebral vasculature during SD and puts this in the context of neurovascular diseases.

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“…Retinal SD is similar to cortical SD in many respects and has thus become a well-studied model system for the cortex (Oliveira de Castro and Martins-Ferreira 1971;Tasaki and Byrne 1991; for an overview see Fernandes de Lima et al 1996). In this report we focus our investigations on the retina of chicken, mainly because it changes its optical properties during a SD attack (Martins-Ferreira and Oliveira de Castro 1966) so that the wave front becomes observable even with the naked eye (milky wave front on a black background).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-induced splitting of spiral-shaped spreading depression waves in chicken retina

Dahlem

Müller

1997

Exp Brain Res

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Spreading depression (SD) of electroencephalographic activity is a dynamic wave phenomenon in the central nervous system (CNS). The retina, especially the isolated chicken retina, is an excellent constituent of the CNS in which to observe the dynamic behavior of the SD wave fronts, because it changes its optical properties during a SD attack. The waves become visible as milky fronts on a black background. It is still controversial what the basic mechanistic steps of SD are, but certainly SD belongs to the self-organization phenomena occurring in neuronal tissue. In this work, spiral-shaped wave fronts are analyzed using digital video imaging techniques. We report how the inner end of the wave front, the spiral tip, breaks away repeatedly. This separation process is associated with a Z-shaped trajectory (extension approximately 1.2 mm) that is described by the tip over one spiral revolution (period 2.45+/-0.1 min). The Z-shaped trajectory does not remain fixed, but performs a complex motion across the retina with each period. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that established imaging methods have been applied to the study of the two-dimensional features of SD wave propagation and to obtaining quantitative data of their dynamics. Since these methods do not interfere with the tissue, it is possible to observe the intrinsic properties of the phenomenon without any external influence.

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Demonstration of heat production associated with spreading depression in the amphibian retina

Cited by 20 publications

References 8 publications

The Stroke-Migraine Depolarization Continuum

The Stroke-Migraine Depolarization Continuum

Spreading Depression, Spreading Depolarizations, and the Cerebral Vasculature

Self-induced splitting of spiral-shaped spreading depression waves in chicken retina

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