Demonstration of lysozyme and antimicrobial peptides in the temporal gland of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana)

Meyer, Wilfried

doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2006.05.003

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…These findings corroborate the view that the fine and dense blood vessel network of the scrotal dermis is generally involved in thermoregulation by heat emission [5,7,13]. In this context it has to be emphasized that the secretions of the apocrine tubular glands are not involved in thermoregulative activities but in antimicrobial defence to protect the skin and, here particularly the sparsely haired scrotal surface, against microbial invasion [15,18,20,21,24,25]. In this context, the excellent vascular supply of the scrotal apocrine glands, as shown in our study, supports strong and continuous secretion production.…”

Section: A B Bsupporting

confidence: 82%

Microvascularisation of the scrotal integument of Holstein-Friesian bulls

et al. 2013

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Section: A B Bsupporting

confidence: 82%

Microvascularisation of the scrotal integument of Holstein-Friesian bulls

et al. 2013

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“…The positive reaction staining for β-glucan receptors, particularly in the skin glands (L-Ficolin/P35, MBL, Dectin-1), but also in the outer epithelial sheath of the hair follicles and in the epidermis (L-Ficolin/P35, MBL) corroborate the supposed lectin activities of opsonizing the production of immunobiologically relevant substances, which may include cationic antimicrobial peptides and lysozyme in these integumental structures (Bos et al 2001;Yang et al 2001;Meyer et al 2003b;Stoeckelhuber et al 2004;Yasui et al 2005;Meyer 2007). L-Ficolin/P35 is expressed broadly, whereas MBL and Dectin-1, which are more anatomically restricted compared to the first substance, promote phagocytosis (of dermatophytes?)…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Additionally, other defense strategies of the integument, particularly regarding the use of more or less directly attacking cationic antimicrobial peptides and proteins like lysozyme, are generally detectable in different aquatic and terrestrial mammals. All substances in question are transported onto the epidermal surface as their normal biotope for effective extracorporal use (e.g., Meyer et al 2003b;Meyer and Seegers 2004;Meyer 2007). In general, the immune system had to develop a special integumental subsystem, and the mammalian skin can be regarded as a tertiary immune organ, whereby the keratinocyte, in particular, is another major source for different innate immunityrelated humoral compounds, such as defensins, complement factors, and complement regulatory proteins (e.g., Harder Debenedictis et al 2001;Yang et al 2001;Meyer and Seegers 2004;Yasui et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration of β-glucan receptors in the skin of aquatic mammals—a preliminary report

Meyer

Kloepper²,

Fleischer

2008

Eur J Wildl Res

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Using immunohistochemistry, the study clearly demonstrates three important β-glucan receptors (Ficolin/ P35, MBL, Dectin-1; members of the lectin-complement pathway of innate immunity) in the integument of six marine and freshwater aquatic mammals (Northern fur seal, Common seal, Walrus, Coypu, Capybara, Otter), but only weakly in two dolphin species. Most of the non-dolphin mammals exhibited strong reactions, especially with regard to the skin glands (tubular apocrine glands, sebaceous glands), for L-Ficolin/P35 and MBL. Distinct reaction staining could also be observed in the epidermis and the outer epithelial sheath of primary hair follicles.Positive Dectin-1 staining was limited to secretory cells of the apocrine tubular glands, and to peripheral and central cells of sebaceous glands of the seals. The Capybara was the only animal to show a clear Dectin reaction in the epidermis (stratum granulosum).The findings are discussed with regard to the constant and high microbial challenge of the skin in the aquatic medium, and variations in hair density of the animals.

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“…On the effector side of innate immunity, the more or less directly attacking cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAPs) and proteins like lysozyme are involved, which can be supported by effects of free sugars. Most of the substances in question can be transported onto the epidermal surface for effective extracorporal use (e.g., Meyer et al 2000Meyer et al , 2001Meyer et al , 2003Meyer et al , 2008Meyer and Seegers 2004;Meyer 2007;Yasui et al 2007;Hornickel 2009). The keratinocyte, in particular, is major source for the different innate immunityrelated humoral compounds, including also complement factors, and complement regulatory proteins (e.g., Schroeder 1999;Bos et al 2001;Debenedictis et al 2001;Harder et al 2001;Yang et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration of substances of innate immunity in the integument of the Malayan pangolin (Manis javanica)

et al. 2009

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Using immunohistochemistry, the study demonstrates substances of the innate immunity in the skin of the Malayan pangolin (Manis javanica), referring mainly to the epidermis. The results obtained showed clear reaction differences between the dorsolateral body region with its strong cover of hard horny scales and the abdominal body part with a thick soft stratum corneum and a dense cover of fine hairs. Regarding pathogen recognition receptors, positive reactions for Toll-like receptors were generally weak for TLR2, in contrast to TLR4, that exhibited strong reactions in the epidermis of both body regions, with increasing staining intensities towards the stratum corneum; ß-glucan receptors showed positive reactions only for Lficolin and mannose-binding lectin, but not for dectin-1, and only at the abdomen. A generally positive staining for both body regions was obtained for all cationic antimicrobial peptides tested, whereby cathelicidin exhibited strong reaction intensities in all epidermal layers, ß-defensin 2 staining was often limited to the stratum basale and the stratum spinosum, and positive reactions for ß-defensin 3 appeared distinctly only in the epidermis of the abdomen; for these peptides, positive reaction staining could also be found in the outer epithelial root sheath of hair follicles, their glandular annexes, and free cells of the dermis. Lysozyme was found in the vital epidermis of both body regions studied, with strong staining limited to the dorsum; strong reactions were also visible in the hair follicles.

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Demonstration of lysozyme and antimicrobial peptides in the temporal gland of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana)

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

Microvascularisation of the scrotal integument of Holstein-Friesian bulls

Microvascularisation of the scrotal integument of Holstein-Friesian bulls

Demonstration of β-glucan receptors in the skin of aquatic mammals—a preliminary report

Demonstration of substances of innate immunity in the integument of the Malayan pangolin (Manis javanica)

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