Demonstration of resistance to reinfection with <i>Paramoeba</i> sp. by Atlantic salmon, <i>Salmo salar</i> L.

Findlay, VL; Helders, M; Munday, B. L.; Gurney, RH

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.1995.tb00370.x

Cited by 50 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…No antibody response could be shown in ELISA analysis of gill mucus of AGD infected fish [18] or using Western blot analysis of cutaneous mucus samples collected from AGD infected Atlantic salmon despite the fish developing resistance [19]. Similar findings to ours were described previously using Catfish immunized against the protozoan parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis [20].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Characterisation of an immunodominant, high molecular weight glycoprotein on the surface of infectious Neoparamoeba spp., causative agent of amoebic gill disease (AGD) in Atlantic salmon

Villavedra

Lemke

et al. 2010

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Characterisation of an immunodominant, high molecular weight glycoprotein on the surface of infectious Neoparamoeba spp., causative agent of amoebic gill disease (AGD) in Atlantic salmon

Villavedra

Lemke

et al. 2010

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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“…Infection with Paramoeba sp . was established by horizontal transmission, by cohabitation with AGD‐infected fish (Findlay, Helders, Munday & Gurney 1995).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathology of experimental amoebic gill disease in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and the effect of pre‐maintenance of fish in sea water on the infection

Zilberg

Munday

2000

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Atlantic salmon were exposed to amoebic gill disease (AGD) immediately following their acclimatization to sea water (group 1), or following a 2 week period of maintenance in sea water (group 2). Three fish from each group were sampled on days 0, 1, 2, 4, 7, 14 and 28 post‐infection. Characteristic gill lesions began to occur between days 2 and 4, and dramatically increased by day 7. The number of gill lesions on fish from group 2 was significantly higher than on fish from group 1 on days 7 and 14 (P<0.001), but the two groups did not differ in any other parameter. Histologically, Paramoeba sp., the aetiological agent of AGD, could be seen on the gills of fish as soon as 1 day post‐exposure, attached to healthy‐appearing gills. Gill pathology in the form of hyperplasia and lamellar fusion followed shortly. AGD infection was accompanied by a significant increase in the number of gill mucous cells (P=0.002). Different methods for the diagnosis of AGD are discussed.

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“…comm. ), and in rainbow and brown trout S. trutta L. in France (Findlay et al 1995). The disease appears to be uniquely enzootic in southeast Tasmania, where Atlantic salmon reared in sea-pens are affected by recurring, seasonally influenced outbreaks (Clark & Nowak 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

18S ribosomal DNA-based PCR identification of Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis, the agent of amoebic gill disease in sea-farmed salmonids

Wong

Carson²,

Elliott

2004

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis is a parasomal amoeboid protozoan identified as the agent of amoebic gill disease (AGD) in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar reared in sea-pens in Tasmania, Australia, and coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch farmed on the west coast of the USA. Outbreaks of AGD caused by immunologically cross-reactive paramoebae have also been reported in seafarmed salmonids in several other countries. Complete 18S rDNA sequences were determined for respective paramoebae isolated from infected gills of salmon from Tasmania and Ireland, and N. pemaquidensis isolates from the USA and UK, including representative free-living isolates. Alignments over 2110 bp revealed 98.1 to 99.0% sequence similarities among isolates, confirming that paramoebae implicated in AGD in geographically distant countries were homologous and belonged to the same species, N. pemaquidensis. The results supported previous findings that N. pemaquidensis exists as a widely distributed, amphizoic marine protozoan. Partial 18S rDNA sequences were obtained for the ultrastructurally similar species, N. aestuarina, and for the morphologically similar but non-parasomal amoeba Pseudoparamoeba pagei. N. aestuarina had 95.3 to 95.7% sequence similarities with N. pemaquidensis strains, which distinguished 2 closely related but separate species. Neoparamoeba spp. were not analogous to P. pagei or to other marine Gymnamoebia. We designed 4 oligonucleotide primers based on elucidated 18S rDNA sequences and applied them to single-step and nested 2-step PCR protocols developed to identify N. pemaquidensis to the exclusion of apparently closely related and non-related protistan taxa. Nested PCR was able to detect the AGD parasite from non-purified, culture-enriched net microfouling samples from Atlantic salmon sea-pens in Tasmania, and confirmed that N. pemaquidensis was also responsible for AGD in chinook salmon O. tshawytscha in New Zealand. Our sequence and PCR analyses have now shown that AGD affecting 3 different salmonid species farmed in 4 countries are associated with N. pemaquidensis. A speciesspecific diagnostic PCR provides for the first time, a highly specific detection and identification assay for N. pemaquidensis that will facilitate future ecological and epidemiological studies of AGD.

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Demonstration of resistance to reinfection with Paramoeba sp. by Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.

Cited by 50 publications

References 7 publications

Characterisation of an immunodominant, high molecular weight glycoprotein on the surface of infectious Neoparamoeba spp., causative agent of amoebic gill disease (AGD) in Atlantic salmon

Characterisation of an immunodominant, high molecular weight glycoprotein on the surface of infectious Neoparamoeba spp., causative agent of amoebic gill disease (AGD) in Atlantic salmon

Pathology of experimental amoebic gill disease in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and the effect of pre‐maintenance of fish in sea water on the infection

18S ribosomal DNA-based PCR identification of Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis, the agent of amoebic gill disease in sea-farmed salmonids

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