Demonstration of x-ray amplifiers near the carbon<i>K</i>edge

MacGowan, B. J.; Maxon, S.; Silva, L. B. Da; Fields, D. J.; Keane, C. J.; Matthews, Dennis L; Osterheld, A. L.; Scofield, J. H.; Shimkaveg, G.; Stone, G.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.65.420

Cited by 134 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…30 However gain of 1.5 ±2 cm' 1 at 99A has been reported 31 in Ne-like silver using a laser power of 9 xlO 14 Wcm -2 . Ni-like systems have a higher quantum efficiency than Ne-like ions and a gain-length of GL=7 has been demonstrated at a wavelength of 43.18A in Ni-like tungsten 32 (see Fig. 6).…”

Section: Collisional Excitationmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…These two schemes continue to make rapid progress in extending the wavelength range and performance of soft x-ray lasers. Significant recent achievements in collisionally pumped systems include (i) the generation of high gain-lengths near the carbon K-edge 3 : a gain-length of GL=8 at 44.8A in Ni-like tantalum, important for the application of x-ray lasers to the holography of biological cells, and GL=7…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of soft x-ray lasers and their applications

Skinner

1991

Physics of Fluids B: Plasma Physics

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The emerging technology of soft x-ray lasers is in a transition phase between the first laboratory demonstrations of gain and the acceptance of soft x-ray lasers as practical tools for novel applications. Current research is focussed on several fronts. The operational wavelength range has been extended to the "water window", important for applications in the life sciences. Gain has also been generated with substantially simpler technology (such as a 6J laser) and this augurs well for the commercial availability in the near future of soft x-ray lasers for a variety of applications. Advanced soft x-ray laser concepts are being developed from investigations into ultra-high intensity laser/matter interactions. The first applications of soft x-ray lasers to x-ray microscopy and holography have begun. In this paper a brief historical perspective of x-ray laser development will be followed by a review of recent advances in recombination, collisional and photo-pumped systems and applications. A summary of current gain-length performance achieved in laboratories worldwide is presented. Near term prospects for applications to novel fields are discussed. DISTRIBUTION OF THIS DOCUMENT IS UNLIMITED

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Section: Collisional Excitationmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of soft x-ray lasers and their applications

Skinner

1991

Physics of Fluids B: Plasma Physics

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“…6͒ and lasing wavelengths as short as 3.5-4.5 nm have been reported using nickel-like Au, W, and Ta. 7 However, the conversion efficiency of generating x-ray lasers from optical pumping lasers is relative low (р10 Ϫ6 ) compared with, for example, high order harmonic generation from the same optical lasers. 8 Using prepulses to enhance the efficiency of generating Ne-like x-ray lasers has been demonstrated successfully in several experiments 9,10 and various multiple pulse irradiation configurations have been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of double drive pulse pumping in Ne-like Ge x-ray lasers

Lin

Tallents

Demir

et al. 1998

Journal of Applied Physics

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Pumping of the Ne-like Ge x-ray laser with two 100 ps duration pulses ͑a prepulse and main pulse͒ is investigated using a fluid and atomic physics code coupled to a 3D ray tracing postprocessor code. The modeling predicts the optimum ratio of the irradiance of the two pulses for the maximum x-ray laser output resulting from the balance between the relative lower electron density gradients and wider gain region which is produced with a larger prepulse and the higher peak gain coefficients produced with a small prepulse. With a longer pulse interval between prepulse and main pulse, a relatively lower optimum pulse ratio is found. The threshold irradiance of the main driving pulse with a prepulse required to make an order of magnitude enhancement of laser output compared to irradiation without a prepulse is also found at 3 -4ϫ10 13 W/cm 2 for Ne-like Ge.

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“…In the last few years, transitions of the 4d-4p states with J = 0,1 in nickel-like ions at wavelengths between 7.3 and 14.7 nm have been reported [3][4][5]. Obtaining XUV (extreme ultraviolet) and X-ray laser transitions from nickel-like ions using different methods have been discussed in previous works [6][7][8][9]. The lasing at wavelength of 3.6 nm has been demonstrated in gold [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Inversion and X-Ray Laser Gain by Electron Impact Excitation of Ni-Like Tin

Ahmad¹

2015

AJOP

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Excitation energies and transition probabilities for the 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 10 , and the 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 9 4l (l= s, p, d, and f) configurations in nickel-like tin have been used to calculate the reduced population of 99 fine structure levels over a wide range of electron densities and at different electron plasma temperatures. The gain coefficients for those transitions with positive population inversion factors have been calculated as a function of electron density. This study is concerned with the transitions which produce positive gain at XUV and X-ray spectral regions.

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Demonstration of x-ray amplifiers near the carbonKedge

Cited by 134 publications

References 18 publications

Review of soft x-ray lasers and their applications

Review of soft x-ray lasers and their applications

Optimization of double drive pulse pumping in Ne-like Ge x-ray lasers

Population Inversion and X-Ray Laser Gain by Electron Impact Excitation of Ni-Like Tin

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