Demulsification of Gas Oil/Water Emulsion via High-Intensity Ultrasonic Standing Wave

Applying ultrasonic fields to separate water contained in medium-gravity crude oil emulsions and determining crude oil adhesion coefficients

“…The intensity of the ultrasonic waves generated via the magnetostriction method is low. This method is more practical for generating ultrasonic waves in the laboratory [55] .…”

Recent developments, challenges, and prospects of ultrasound-assisted oil technologies

“…They cause pressure drop and subsequent increased pumping costs due to their high viscosity [16] . In addition, emulsions could lead to clogging, corrosion and erosion in pipelines during transportation and the poisoning of catalysts in the refining process [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] . Hence, there are many studies that have been reported on the demulsification of crude oil [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] .…”

“…For example, Xie et al [48] further showed that pulsed US produced less droplets after precipitation which were more obvious as compared to continuous US. Nasiri et al [19] described the morphological changes in emulsions under different time (5–30 min) and intensities (20, 45 and 75%). They showed that the preliminary emulsions which were stable and consists of small droplets transformed into aggregates as the time progressed.…”

“…Similar improvements in the rate of oil recovery by 20–75% have been shown in several laboratory and field studies [14] , [9] , [10] , [11] . Developments have been witnessed as well in the dehydration of water in oil emulsions, with separation efficiencies between 20 and 95% [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] . Due to these significant developments and numerous research findings in US assisted oil technologies which has seen sustained increment in the past decade, there is a need for a detailed review which highlights the progress and challenges as well as prospects ( Fig.…”

Case History of Dehydration-Technology Improvement for HCPF Production in the Daqing Oil Field

“…The traditional method of gravity-settling separation is controlled by Stoke's law, and the oil is allowed to rise upward because of the density differences with produced water. Additionally, the centrifugal-settling separation mechanism is also governed by Stoke's law, and is seen in the difference between centrifugal force generated by the spinning fluids and the drag force on the moving droplets (Ogunsina and Wiggins 2005). To ensure the quality and efficiency of oil treating, it is essential to improve the removal efficiency of free water to the maximum degree; however, the difficulty of oil/water separation increases because of the existence of viscous HPAM in produced liquid in the polymer-flooding EOR process, which can lead to the decrease of the floating velocity of emulsified oil droplets.…”