“…Currently, the best choice is to use optical communications, which further con rms the inevitability of the migration from electronics to optics and photonics. Consequently, these speci c optical networks consist of optical bers [1,2], waveguides [3,4], lters [5,6], demultiplexers [7,8], logic gates [9][10][11], adders [12], decoders and encoders [13][14][15], sensors and biosensors [16,17]. It has been demonstrated that all the mentioned optical devices can be realized using photonic crystals (PCs).…”