“…Using IoT, AI and other technologies, the digital twin can monitor and optimise the production process in real time, reduce energy consumption and waste disposal costs, and reduce the impact of the business on the environment. Moreover, the digital twin system can monitor the status of equipment and production lines in real time, and through data analysis and simulation, it can predict potential malfunctions and equipment failures, and carry out repairs and maintenance in advance, which can reduce unexpected malfunctions and down times, and improve the availability and productivity of equipment [29].The above study shows that the use of digital twins has good results compared to traditional operation, management and fault prediction [30]. However, digital twins are dynamic rather than static [31], so the realtime and compatibility of data transmission is yet to be challenged [32].…”