Dendritic Cells: Versatile Players in Renal Transplantation

Lin, Jun‐Tao; Wang, Hongyi; Liu, Chenxi; Cheng, Antony S.; Deng, Qingwei; Zhu, Huijuan; Chen, Jianghua

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.654540

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 208 publications

(225 reference statements)

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“…The most efficient antigen presenting cells (APCs) in activating T cells and initiating immune tolerance are the DCs. Based on different surface markers, DCs are generally divided into three subsets: (i) DCs involved in ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and expressing C1d, CD8α, CD11c, CD40, CD45, CD54 (ICAM), CD80, CD86, MHC-II, and TNFα, but are negative for CD4 and CD205 ( 101 ); when activated by antigens released during ischemia-reperfusion, these DCs can trigger both cellular and antibody-mediated rejection, resulting in harmful antibodies secretion by activated B cells and killing of donor cells by cytotoxic T cells ( 102 ); (ii) rejection-related DCs, promoting acute and chronic rejection via different interactions with T cells and are characterized by the expression of CD11c, MHC-II, CD1c and FcϵRI ( 103 ); (iii) tolerogenic DCs, suppressing the rejection process by dampening the T cell effector functions and promoting T regulatory cells (Tregs) activity; these DCs express significantly lower levels of MHC, T cell co-stimulatory molecules, such as CD40, and CD80/86, and inhibitory ligands, such as programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and death-inducing ligands, reflecting their non-phagocytic profile ( 104 , 105 ). In response to specific signals such as DAMPs, host DCs can acquire a rejection-related phenotype, which can further evolve towards a tolerogenic phenotype upon treatment with rapamycin, IL-10, vitamin D, or low-dose granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulation factor (GM-CSF).…”

Section: Mechanism Of Xenograft Rejectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In response to specific signals such as DAMPs, host DCs can acquire a rejection-related phenotype, which can further evolve towards a tolerogenic phenotype upon treatment with rapamycin, IL-10, vitamin D, or low-dose granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulation factor (GM-CSF). Tolerogenic DCs reduce CD4+ T cell activation and impair CD8+ T cell functions, which helps suppressing graft rejection ( 102 ). Manna et al.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Xenograft Rejectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current status of xenotransplantation research and the strategies for preventing xenograft rejection

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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Transplantation is often the last resort for end-stage organ failures, e.g., kidney, liver, heart, lung, and pancreas. The shortage of donor organs is the main limiting factor for successful transplantation in humans. Except living donations, other alternatives are needed, e.g., xenotransplantation of pig organs. However, immune rejection remains the major challenge to overcome in xenotransplantation. There are three different xenogeneic types of rejections, based on the responses and mechanisms involved. It includes hyperacute rejection (HAR), delayed xenograft rejection (DXR) and chronic rejection. DXR, sometimes involves acute humoral xenograft rejection (AHR) and cellular xenograft rejection (CXR), which cannot be strictly distinguished from each other in pathological process. In this review, we comprehensively discussed the mechanism of these immunological rejections and summarized the strategies for preventing them, such as generation of gene knock out donors by different genome editing tools and the use of immunosuppressive regimens. We also addressed organ-specific barriers and challenges needed to pave the way for clinical xenotransplantation. Taken together, this information will benefit the current immunological research in the field of xenotransplantation.

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Section: Mechanism Of Xenograft Rejectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanism Of Xenograft Rejectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current status of xenotransplantation research and the strategies for preventing xenograft rejection

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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“…Dendritic cells (DCs), which develop from bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cells, 27 , 28 are a subset of antigen-presenting cells. They use pattern recognition receptors to initiate and regulate adaptive immune responses.…”

Section: Brief Primer On Immune Cell Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emerging Role of Immune Cells and Targeted Therapeutic Strategies in Diabetic Wounds Healing

Song¹,

Hu²,

Liu³

et al. 2022

JIR

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Poor wound healing in individuals with diabetes has long plagued clinicians, and immune cells play key roles in the inflammation, proliferation and remodeling that occur in wound healing. When skin integrity is damaged, immune cells migrate to the wound bed through the actions of chemokines and jointly restore tissue homeostasis and barrier function by exerting their respective biological functions. An imbalance of immune cells often leads to ineffective and disordered inflammatory responses. Due to the maladjusted microenvironment, the wound is unable to smoothly transition to the proliferation and remodeling stage, causing it to develop into a chronic refractory wound. However, chronic refractory wounds consistently lead to negative outcomes, such as long treatment cycles, high hospitalization rates, high medical costs, high disability rates, high mortality rates, and many adverse consequences. Therefore, strategies that promote the rational distribution and coordinated development of immune cells during wound healing are very important for the treatment of diabetic wounds (DW). Here, we explored the following aspects by performing a literature review: 1) the current situation of DW and an introduction to the biological functions of immune cells; 2) the role of immune cells in DW; and 3) existing (or undeveloped) therapies targeting immune cells to promote wound healing to provide new ideas for basic research, clinical treatment and nursing of DW.

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“…Studies have shown that DCs induce and maintain immune responses through migration and maturation in the kidney ( 37 ). DCs, although rarely present in normal kidneys, are significantly increased in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) ( 38 ).…”

Section: Renal Microenvironmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have shown that DCs induce and maintain immune responses through migration and maturation in the kidney (37).…”

Section: Dendritic Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Deep Insight Into Regulatory T Cell Metabolism in Renal Disease: Facts and Perspectives

Han

Tao

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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Kidney disease encompasses a complex set of diseases that can aggravate or start systemic pathophysiological processes through their complex metabolic mechanisms and effects on body homoeostasis. The prevalence of kidney disease has increased dramatically over the last two decades. CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells that express the transcription factor forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3) are critical for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmune disease and tissue damage caused by excessive or unnecessary immune activation, including autoimmune kidney diseases. Recent studies have highlighted the critical role of metabolic reprogramming in controlling the plasticity, stability, and function of Treg cells. They are also likely to play a vital role in limiting kidney transplant rejection and potentially promoting transplant tolerance. Metabolic pathways, such as mitochondrial function, glycolysis, lipid synthesis, glutaminolysis, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation, are involved in the development of renal diseases by modulating the function and proliferation of Treg cells. Targeting metabolic pathways to alter Treg cells can offer a promising method for renal disease therapy. In this review, we provide a new perspective on the role of Treg cell metabolism in renal diseases by presenting the renal microenvironment、relevant metabolites of Treg cell metabolism, and the role of Treg cell metabolism in various kidney diseases.

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Dendritic Cells: Versatile Players in Renal Transplantation

Cited by 19 publications

References 208 publications

Current status of xenotransplantation research and the strategies for preventing xenograft rejection

Current status of xenotransplantation research and the strategies for preventing xenograft rejection

The Emerging Role of Immune Cells and Targeted Therapeutic Strategies in Diabetic Wounds Healing

A Deep Insight Into Regulatory T Cell Metabolism in Renal Disease: Facts and Perspectives

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