2015
DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.076
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Dendritic near-IR absorbing zinc phthalocyanines for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy

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Cited by 22 publications
(9 citation statements)
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“…Advantages of materials-based aPDI include (i) employing singlet oxygen as the biocidal agent (which, given its short lifetime and decay to harmless oxygen as an end product [ 29 ] can be considered environmentally benign); (ii) multiple routes to PS incorporation, including the attachment of the PS through electrostatic interactions [ 30 ], encapsulation within a polymeric matrix [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ], or direct attachment via a covalent bond (prevents leaching into the environment) [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]; (iii) the ability of the PS to potentially function in the absence of direct contact with the pathogen due to the diffusibility of singlet oxygen [ 40 , 45 ]; and (iv) of great importance with respect to nosocomial infections is that singlet oxygen or other photo-generated reactive oxygen species cause non-specific damage from which microbial resistance is unlikely to arise [ 27 , 46 , 47 ]. To this latter point, aPDI has been shown to possess broad-spectrum antibacterial [ 23 , 27 , 48 , 49 , 50 ], antiviral [ 31 , 51 , 52 , 53 ], antifungal [ 46 , 54 , 55 , 56 ], and antiparasitic [ 57 , 58 ] properties. Finally, as aPDI employs harmless white light [ 10 ], it has the advantage over ultraviolet-C (UVC) (as an example of another light-based sterilization technique), vaporized hydrogen peroxide, or chlorine dioxide in that it can funct...…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Advantages of materials-based aPDI include (i) employing singlet oxygen as the biocidal agent (which, given its short lifetime and decay to harmless oxygen as an end product [ 29 ] can be considered environmentally benign); (ii) multiple routes to PS incorporation, including the attachment of the PS through electrostatic interactions [ 30 ], encapsulation within a polymeric matrix [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ], or direct attachment via a covalent bond (prevents leaching into the environment) [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]; (iii) the ability of the PS to potentially function in the absence of direct contact with the pathogen due to the diffusibility of singlet oxygen [ 40 , 45 ]; and (iv) of great importance with respect to nosocomial infections is that singlet oxygen or other photo-generated reactive oxygen species cause non-specific damage from which microbial resistance is unlikely to arise [ 27 , 46 , 47 ]. To this latter point, aPDI has been shown to possess broad-spectrum antibacterial [ 23 , 27 , 48 , 49 , 50 ], antiviral [ 31 , 51 , 52 , 53 ], antifungal [ 46 , 54 , 55 , 56 ], and antiparasitic [ 57 , 58 ] properties. Finally, as aPDI employs harmless white light [ 10 ], it has the advantage over ultraviolet-C (UVC) (as an example of another light-based sterilization technique), vaporized hydrogen peroxide, or chlorine dioxide in that it can funct...…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[5][6][7][8][9][10] Materials that are inherently antimicrobial could prevent the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms autonomously, without the potential for human error leading to infections. These materials have toxic, and are therefore not expected to have an adverse effect on human health; ii) their antimicrobial action is primarily mediated by singlet oxygen, 17,18 which has several benefits including a short lifetime before it decays back to environmentally benign ground state (triplet) oxygen, 19 the ability to inactivate bacteria that are not in direct contact with the material, 20,21 as well as potentially broad antimicrobial efficacy against bacteria, [22][23][24][25] yeast, [26][27][28][29] viruses, [30][31][32][33] and parasites 34,35 ; and iii) as singlet oxygen causes nonspecific damage, it is thought that microbes will be unable to develop resistance to this mode of action. 24,36,37 Early investigations into aPDI materials were initially curtailed by the belief that, to be effective, photosensitizers needed to either be embedded in the cellular envelope or internalized into the bacteria.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The aggregation may be further reduced though, if the alkynyl substitution was introduced non-peripherally, instead of peripherally. A recent study has shown that non-peripheral isomer showed less degree of aggregation than peripheral dendrimeric Pc PS, as evidenced by the minimal shoulder absorption peak even at higher concentrations 25 . Because aggregation is associated with fluorescence and singlet oxygen quenching, accurate fluorescence and singlet oxygen quantum yields were not able to be measured and are therefore not reported.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 96%