Dendrochemical patterns of calcium, zinc, and potassium related to internal factors detected by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF)

Smith, Kevin T.; Balouet, Jean Christophe; Shortle, Walter C.; Chalot, Michel; Beaujard, Francois; Grudd, Håkan; Vroblesky, Don A.; Burken, Joel G.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.08.017

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…More recently, Dredge et al (2015) reported that elastic (Rayleigh) scatter maps from XRF scans conducted at 18.5 keV revealed the wood grain of the underlying oak support of the AGNSW Henry VIII portrait. This observation supported reported associations between variation in intra-annual tree-ring structure and XRF-derived elemental concentrations (Scharnweber et al 2016), and between XRF-imaged grain and anatomically defined tree-ring boundaries (Smith et al 2014). These associations suggest high-resolution XRF imagery may be a source of non-invasive dendrochronological as well as artistic data.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Mapping Henry: Dendrochronological Analysis of a Sixteenth-Century Panel Painting Based Upon Synchrotron-Sourced X-ray Fluorescence Mapping

Brookhouse

Ives

Dredge

et al. 2020

Studies in Conservation

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The study of materials that comprise artworks significantly contributes to understanding of age and provenance. While dendrochronology is a particularly valuable and well-established technique for panel paintings comprising oak timber, conventional practices of resurfacing endgrains to reveal tree rings is becoming less acceptable because it removes material, modifying the painting. Recently, application of non-destructive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy to a portrait of Henry VIII held by the Art Gallery of NSW (AGNSW) revealed tree-ring boundaries in the resulting high-resolution elastic scatter XRF map. In this study, we examine the dendrochronological potential of that mapping with the aim of contributing to resolving the relation of the AGNSW portrait to similar paintings elsewhere. Examination of the timber revealed affinities with Quercus petraea (Matt.). We measured tree-ring widths along multiple paths in the XRF scatter map and crossdated the resulting 81-year XRF ring-width (XRF portrait ) series against master chronologies of English, western European, and Baltic origin. Rather than an arbitrarily defined threshold, we used a Bonferroni correction to determine a minimum significance level for crossdating. While the XRF portrait series did not crossdate with the continental European chronologies, we identified a single significant (α = 3.4 x 10 -6 ) dating position with the English chronology (1400-1480 CE). Cross-matching with site-level chronologies revealed a cluster of high t-values in central-southern England. The earliest date of felling precedes the documented date of completion for the AGNSW and two similar Tudor portraits of Henry VIII held by the National Portrait Gallery (NPG), London and one at the Society of Antiquaries, London. While, the apparent British provenance of timber used in the AGNSW portrait contrasts to Baltic origin of timbers used for the two NPG portraits and the majority of English panel paintings, it is consistent with the provenance of the timber used for the Society of Antiquaries portrait.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Mapping Henry: Dendrochronological Analysis of a Sixteenth-Century Panel Painting Based Upon Synchrotron-Sourced X-ray Fluorescence Mapping

Brookhouse

Ives

Dredge

et al. 2020

Studies in Conservation

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“…Many techniques have been used to analyse the matrix and trace elements including the toxic heavy metal content of tree rings, including XRF (x-ray fluorescence) spectrometry (MacDonald et al 2011, Smith et al 2014, Scharnweber et al 2016, XCT (x-ray computed tomography -Van Den Bulcke et al 2014), PIXE (particle-induced xray emission) analysis (Glass et al 1993, Calva-Vazquez et al 2006, EMPA (electron microprobe analyzer - Kuczumow 2004), XRD (x-ray diffraction), IR (infrared spectroscopy), SIMS (secondary ion mass spectrometry), and LA-ICP-MS, etc. (Watt et al 2007, Vašinová-Galiová et al 2013, Sensula et al 2017, Perone et al 2018.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of major elements and heavy metals occurrence in hybrid aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx. × P. tremula L.) tree rings in marginal land

Bārdule¹,

Bērtiņš²,

Buša³

et al. 2020

iForest

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Biogeosciences and Forestry Biogeosciences and Forestry Variation of major elements and heavy metals occurrence in hybrid aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx. × P. tremula L.) tree rings in marginal land Arta Bardule (1-2) , Maris Bertins (2) , Lauma Busa (2) , Dagnija Lazdina (1) , Arturs Viksna (2) , Michaela Tvrdonova (3-4) , Viktor Kanicky (3-4) , Tomas Vaculovic (3-4) Fast growing tree species such as Populus spp. in short rotation woody crop (SRWC) systems could be an environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach to ensure sustainable biomass production and mitigate the negative impacts on the environment caused by more intensive management aimed to promote additional biomass increment. Knowledge on variation of major biologically important elements' and toxic heavy metals' occurrence in fertilised hybrid aspen tree rings in marginal land may have important and relevant implications for the management practice and evaluation of element fluxes in SRWC ecosystems. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was used to determine the relative amount of major elements (K, Ca, Mg, P) and heavy metals (Cd, Hg, Pb) in stem wood plane on straight line trajectory starting from pith to bark with measurement step 0.1 mm. While inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine average content of the mentioned elements in mechanically separated tree rings to quantify data obtained using LA-ICP-MS method and expressed in relative units. Stem disc samples were collected from six year old hybrid aspen trees growing in marginal agricultural land in the central part of Latvia (hemi-boreal climate conditions) that were initially fertilised with biogas production residues, sewage sludge, and wood ash. We concluded that the content of analysed major elements and heavy metals in the hybrid aspen tree rings varied considerably not only within the analysed stem plane (across tree rings) of one sample tree, but also within one annual ring with significant differences between the content of major elements in earlywood and latewood. Nevertheless, the results of the content of major elements and heavy metals in hybrid aspen tree rings highlighted the significant impact of the initially used fertiliser (especially wood ash) on the average content of elements. Hybrid aspens can be considered bioindicators of both the management activities and general growing conditions even if soil pH is close to neutrality, suggesting a limited mobility of the heavy metals.

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“…Heartwood formation is also an active process and involves the movement of nutrients (Spicer 2005 ), reflecting the fact that elemental concentrations in sapwood and heartwood often differ (Meerts 2002 ). Changes along the sapwood/heartwood boundary can be sharp, as seen in the steep decline of K concentrations from sapwood to heartwood in Quercus robur (Smith et al 2014 ) or the peak of Ca at the sapwood/heartwood boundary in Miliusa velutina (Poussart et al 2006 ). As long as wood is live sapwood, many active processes can affect the deposition, exchange and transport (including radially) of elements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since primary cell walls have higher concentrations of pectins than secondary walls (Sarkar et al 2009 ), cell types with thick secondary walls such as fibers should have a lower proportion of pectins and cations binding to these than thin-walled parenchyma cells. Mineral inclusions in wood have high concentrations of specific elements, they are not distributed uniformly and can be seen in micro-density measurements (Vansteenkiste et al 2007 ) and chemically analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (Smith et al 2014 ). The concentration of nutrients essential for the functioning of living cells will depend on the proportion of living (parenchyma) cells in wood, which often decreases from the cambium onwards and is zero in heartwood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution densitometry and elemental analysis of tropical wood

Hietz

Horsky

Prohaska

et al. 2014

Trees

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Key messageUnderstanding the mobility and distribution of chemical elements in wood is necessary to apply dendrochemistry. Crystals are likely stable and could be used to analyze changes in nutrient supply.AbstractDendrochemistry uses the variation in wood chemical composition to infer about past environmental conditions and possible effects on tree growth. Elemental or isotopic variation might also help to identify annual growth where tree rings are anatomically not distinct. However, most elements are—to a certain degree—mobile within wood and may be related to anatomical structures. Therefore, understanding what affects elemental distribution is important to make use of and critically assess the potential of dendrochemistry. We studied the variation of wood density and elements at high spatial resolution in wood of six species with anatomically distinct to rather indistinct tree rings from a Thai monsoon forest. Many elements had a higher concentration in parenchyma than in fiber cells, and the co-variation of elements differed strongly between elements and also between species. Strong wood density changes along the ring boundary were found only in Melia azedarach. In all species, the X-ray images showed crystals. EDX spectra showed that these consist of calcium or silicon (in Chukrasia tabularis) as major elemental components. A high concentration of heavy metals (Fe, Cu and Zn) was found in Vitex peduncularis. We conclude that at least for the species studied the radial variation of elemental concentration is unlikely to reveal annual rings that anatomy could not. However, if elements in crystals are more stable than in cell walls or living protoplasts, analyzing the distribution of elements present in crystals may show environmental conditions that, in turn, influence crystal formation and are little known.

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Dendrochemical patterns of calcium, zinc, and potassium related to internal factors detected by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF)

Cited by 28 publications

References 29 publications

Mapping Henry: Dendrochronological Analysis of a Sixteenth-Century Panel Painting Based Upon Synchrotron-Sourced X-ray Fluorescence Mapping

Mapping Henry: Dendrochronological Analysis of a Sixteenth-Century Panel Painting Based Upon Synchrotron-Sourced X-ray Fluorescence Mapping

Variation of major elements and heavy metals occurrence in hybrid aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx. × P. tremula L.) tree rings in marginal land

High-resolution densitometry and elemental analysis of tropical wood

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