Dengue Outbreak during Ongoing Civil War, Taiz, Yemen

Alghazali, KhairAlah A.; Teoh, Boon-Teong; Loong, Shih Keng; Sam, Sing‐Sin; Che-Mat-Seri, Nurul-Asma-Anati; Samsudin, Nur-Izyan; Yaacob, Che-Norainon; Azizan, Noor-Syahida; Oo, Adrian; Baharudin, Nur-Adilah; Tan, Kian Lam; Abd-Jamil, Juraina; Nor’e, Siti-Sarah; Khor, Chee‐Sieng; Johari, Jefree; Mahdy, Mohammed A. K.; AbuBakar, Sazaly

doi:10.3201/eid2507.180046

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…There is limited medicine, equipment, and personal protective equipment available, and only three testing sites for COVID-19, with a limited number of testing kits, are available in the entire country (Sana'a, Aden, and Al Mukalla). In addition to the war, several other reasons have contributed to pushing the healthcare system in Yemen to the brink of collapsing, including (1) declining public expenditure which due to deterioration in functions of public administration and contraction of country's economy ( 6 ); (2) the health system facilities were already overwhelmed by the outbreaks, cholera, and dengue ( 7 , 20 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Healthcare System Capabilities and Preparedness in Yemen to Confront the Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak: A Perspective of Healthcare Workers

Zawiah

Al-Ashwal

Saeed

et al. 2020

Front. Public Health

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Background: In the past decade, Yemen has witnessed several disasters that resulted in a crumbled healthcare system. With the declaration of COVID-19 a global pandemic, and later the appearance of first confirmed cases in Yemen, there is an urgent need to assess the preparedness of healthcare facilities (HCFs) and their capacities to tackle a looming COVID-19 outbreak. Herein, we present an assessment of the current state of preparedness and capabilities of HCFs in Yemen to prevent and manage the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: An online survey for HCFs was developed, validated, and distributed. The questionnaire is divided into five main sections: (1) Demographic variables for participants. (2) HCFs capabilities for COVID-19 outbreak. (3) Support received to face the emergence and spread of COVID-19. (4). Current practices of infection prevention and control measures in the HCFs. The last section focused on the recommendations to ensure effective and timely response to this outbreak in Yemen. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze data using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), version 23. Results: Responses were received from healthcare workers (HCWs) from 18 out of 22 governorates in Yemen. Out of the 296 HCWs who participated in the study, the vast majority (93.9%) believed that the healthcare system in Yemen does not have the resources and capabilities to face and manage a COVID-19 outbreak. Approximately 82.4% of participants rated the general preparedness level of their HCFs as very poor or poor. More specifically, the majority of HCWs rated their HCFs as very poor or poor in term of availability of the following: an adequate number of mechanical ventilators (88.8%), diagnostic devices (88.2%), ICU rooms and beds (81.4%), and isolation rooms (79.7%). Conclusions: The healthcare facilities in Yemen are unprepared and lack the most basic resources and capabilities to cope with or tackle a COVID-19 outbreak. With the current state of a fragile healthcare system, a widespread outbreak of COVID-19 in Yemen could result in devastating consequences. There is an urgent need to provide support to the healthcare workers and HCFs that are on the frontline against COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Healthcare System Capabilities and Preparedness in Yemen to Confront the Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak: A Perspective of Healthcare Workers

Zawiah

Al-Ashwal

Saeed

et al. 2020

Front. Public Health

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“…On the Arabian Peninsula, DENV has been endemic in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia since 2004 (Alghazali et al, 2019), and is very likely to be considered endemic in Yemen where vector control has diminished over the last 4 years due to the war (Humphrey et al, 2019).A study of the seroprevalence of dengue virus in Qatar found that 7/200 (3.5%) of Qatari nationals were seropositive, but is not known if these had a travel history to a DENV-endemic area (Chinikar et al, 2013). DENV is also endemic in Iran as demonstrated by a retrospective serosurvey study in 2012 (Abozeid et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of the 2018–2019 dengue fever outbreak in Oman: A country previously without local transmission

Al-Abri

Kurup

Manji

et al. 2020

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Background: In December 2018, routine surveillance identified an autochthonous outbreak of dengue fever in Muscat Governorate, Oman, a region previously free of dengue fever. Methods: Routine surveillance confirmed locally acquired cases in the second week of December, leading to a rapid public health response including case management guidance and epidemiological investigations. The main activity was the vector survey using systematic sampling to assess extent of previously unreported Aedes aegypti presence followed by a campaign aimed to eliminate breeding sites of A. aegypti". Results: During a 5-month period, 343 suspected cases were reported from Muscat Governorate with 122 from the outbreak affected area. Out of 207 probable cases eligible for laboratory testing as per guidelines issued, 59 cases were confirmed. The vector elimination campaign started on January 8, 2019 after a media advocacy using television and social media and concluded on January 23. By the end of campaign, the case load had decreased significantly in the affected area with no reports of locally acquired cases from adjoining areas of Muscat Governorate, indicating no further spread. Conclusions: Rapid notification and early community-wide, extensive vector control activities effectively contained the autochthonous dengue fever virus outbreak.

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“…Due to the current widespread civil war, over 55 % of the country’s health facilities are totally destroyed, underground water in all Yemeni cities is contaminated with sewage, and the substandard sewage treatment plants are not functioning, putting the entire population at great risk of many infectious diseases ( Gavlak, 2015 ; Al-Mekhlafi, 2018 ). For instance, since 2015, there have been deadly outbreaks of cholera, dengue, leishmaniasis, and diphtheria ( Al-Mekhlafi, 2018 ; El Bcheraoui et al, 2018 ; Alghazali et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neglected cestode infection: Epidemiology of Hymenolepis nana infection among children in rural Yemen

Al-Mekhlafi

2020

Helminthologia

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SummaryHymenolepis nana is the most common cestode reported in humans worldwide. It is prevalent among children in the tropics and subtropics, particularly in rural poor communities where sanitation is inadequate or lacking. This cross-sectional study aims to determine the prevalence and significant risk factors of H. nana infection among children in rural Yemen. Faecal samples were collected from 498 children and screened for intestinal parasites by using wet mount, formalin-ether concentration and Kato–Katz techniques. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect demographic, socioeconomic, housing condition, and personal hygiene information. Overall, 77.5 % (386/498) of the children were found to be infected by at least one intestinal parasite species. The overall prevalence of H. nana was 17.5 % (87/498). Multivariate analysis confirmed that an age of < 6 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.28; 95 % (confidence interval [CI] = 2.04, 8.98), presence of other family members infected with H. nana (AOR = 2.48; 95 % CI = 1.45, 4.24), living in the highlands (AOR = 2.87; 95 % CI = 1.56, 5.26), living in a house without improved toilet facilities (AOR = 2.19; 95 % CI = 1.23, 3.88), not washing vegetables before consumption (AOR = 2.11; 95 % CI = 1.06, 4.19), and not washing hands after defecation (AOR = 1.88; 95 % CI = 1.08, 3.27) were the key factors significantly associated with H. nana infection among the studied children. In conclusion, H. nana is prevalent among children in rural Yemen, particularly among preschool-aged children. Thus, an integrated and effective programme to control intestinal parasitic infections should include preschool-aged children. Such a programme should focus on providing health education on hygienic practices, providing adequate sanitation and improved sources of drinking water, and screening and treating other infected family members.

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Dengue Outbreak during Ongoing Civil War, Taiz, Yemen

Cited by 27 publications

References 11 publications

Assessment of Healthcare System Capabilities and Preparedness in Yemen to Confront the Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak: A Perspective of Healthcare Workers

Assessment of Healthcare System Capabilities and Preparedness in Yemen to Confront the Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak: A Perspective of Healthcare Workers

Control of the 2018–2019 dengue fever outbreak in Oman: A country previously without local transmission

The neglected cestode infection: Epidemiology of Hymenolepis nana infection among children in rural Yemen

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