Dengue Virus Infection and Associated Risk Factors in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Dengue contributes a significant burden on global public health and economies. In Africa, the burden of dengue virus (DENV) infection is not well described. This review was undertaken to determine the prevalence of dengue and associated risk factors. A literature search was done on PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar databases to identify articles published between 1960 and 2020. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effect model at a 95% confidence interval, followed by subgroup meta-analysis to determine the overall prevalence. Between 1960 and 2020, 45 outbreaks were identified, of which 17 and 16 occurred in East and West Africa, respectively. Dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV-1) and DENV-2 were the dominant serotypes contributing to 60% of the epidemics. Of 2211 cases reported between 2009 and 2020; 1954 (88.4%) were reported during outbreaks. Overall, the prevalence of dengue was 29% (95% CI: 20–39%) and 3% (95% CI: 1–5%) during the outbreak and non-outbreak periods, respectively. Old age (6/21 studies), lack of mosquito control (6/21), urban residence (4/21), climate change (3/21), and recent history of travel (3/21) were the leading risk factors. This review reports a high burden of dengue and increased risk of severe disease in Africa. Our findings provide useful information for clinical practice and health policy decisions to implement effective interventions.

Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of chikungunya, dengue, and Zika in eight districts in Tanzania

“…In a recent studies in Vietnam, the prevalence of recent ZIKV infections was highest in the 46-60 years age group (Nguyen et al, 2020). Similarly, higher DENV prevalence rates were observed among older than young individuals, the observation that corresponds with the findings of a study in Malaysia (Dhanoa et al, 2018) and elsewhere in Africa (Mwanyika et al, 2021). A low DENV prevalence among individuals < 15 years old has also been recently reported in Cameroon (Tchuandom et al, 2019).…”

“…Mvomero and Kondoa districts were selected to represent the Central Zone, while Ukerewe district represented the Lake Victoria Zone (Figure 1). The details of the study sites have been described elsewhere (Rugarabamu et al, 2021).…”

Surveillance Studies Reveal Diverse and Potentially Pathogenic-Incriminated Vector Mosquito Species across Major Botswana Touristic Hotspots

“…Okavango reported the highest species richness (22), the Kalahari had the lowest (8) and Chobe was intermediate (12). The species diversity index was highest in the Kalahari (1.491), whereas Chobe had the lowest diversity (0.973) with Okavango being intermediate (1.207).…”

“…In Africa, the most prominent mosquito-borne disease is malaria [20] (but also see Willcox et al [21]; Mwanyika et al [22]), accounting for ~400,000 deaths annually [23]. As such, most of the published works have mainly focused on Anopheles vector species and their pathogen incrimination surveillance [24] (but see Braack et al [9]).…”

Dengue Shock Syndrome Complicating High Risk Twin Pregnancy during Late Gestation: Extinguishing Fuel added Flames

“…Dengue fever is a tropical disease challenging the health care facilities after the second wave of COVID19 [1].It is a flavivirus infection transmitted by Aedes mosquito [2].It is endemic in India with increased incidence in the monsoon season owing to the rainfall pattern. Dengue has emerged as a major health issue in India with increasing mortality in all age groups ranging from paediatric to the elderly [3]. Dengue usually presents with high grade fever along with chills accompanied with headache or retro orbital pain.…”