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This article asks why women are ignored in debates about ancient economies and suggests a way forward. It argues that women performed a wide variety of diverse economic activities, though this is not particularly discernible from the scholarly literature, which mostly casts them as patrons or prostitutes and, despite the household being a basic economic unit to which women contributed, generally considers economic actors as male by default. However, by drawing on feminist economics, social history and gender studies, it is possible to reframe women’s varied activities in ways that acknowledge their labour, spotlight female agency, challenge the (gendered) categories of analysis and discourses that are predominantly used within ancient history, and recentre questions relating to the structures of inequality created by ancient economies. Three case studies explore some of the problems and raise new questions: Z3, a building in the Kerameikos the function of which is debated, the contribution of tax-farmers to sacrifices on Kos and the water supply in Athens. That is, this article argues that examining how ancient economies were gendered is a profitable way to think about both economic history and gender history.
This article asks why women are ignored in debates about ancient economies and suggests a way forward. It argues that women performed a wide variety of diverse economic activities, though this is not particularly discernible from the scholarly literature, which mostly casts them as patrons or prostitutes and, despite the household being a basic economic unit to which women contributed, generally considers economic actors as male by default. However, by drawing on feminist economics, social history and gender studies, it is possible to reframe women’s varied activities in ways that acknowledge their labour, spotlight female agency, challenge the (gendered) categories of analysis and discourses that are predominantly used within ancient history, and recentre questions relating to the structures of inequality created by ancient economies. Three case studies explore some of the problems and raise new questions: Z3, a building in the Kerameikos the function of which is debated, the contribution of tax-farmers to sacrifices on Kos and the water supply in Athens. That is, this article argues that examining how ancient economies were gendered is a profitable way to think about both economic history and gender history.
Titre : L’arme de Clytemnestre et les linceuls pour les morts L’article discute la signification symbolique du tissu pourpre, que Clytemnestre étend sur le sol pour accueillir Agamemnon dans la tragédie d’Eschyle. Il défend l’idée que la scène d’accueil doit être perçue à travers le prisme des rites funèbres. La fabrication des draps qui accompagnent les morts dans l’immortalité et qui annoncent le kleos des morts, était une tâche importante des femmes de la maison. Les petasmata poupres et le poros porphypreos sont ainsi à interpréter comme des draps des morts, qui transforment le mari infidèle en mort vivant. Abstract The paper discusses the symbolic meaning of the purple cloth which, in Aeschylus' tragedy Agamemnon, Klytaimestra orders to be spread on the ground in welcome of Agamemnon. In my opinion, the funeral rites function as the backdrop for the welcoming scene. The production of the cloths, which accompany the dead into immortality and which announce the kleos of the dead, was an important task of the women of the household. I suggest reading the purple petasmata, or the poros porphypreos as the fabrics are also called, as shrouds for the dead which transform the unfaithful husband into a living corpse.
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