Densities, Refractive Indices, and Derived Properties of Binary Mixtures of Ethanol with Benzene and Pyridine at Various Temperatures Under Atmospheric Pressure

Study of Density, Surface Tension, and Refractive Index of Binary Mixtures Containing Alkyl Levulinate and n-Alcohol from 298.15 to 323.15 K

“…In this study, for Vm E and other cases, the best fit for eq 3 was obtained using a total of four fitting parameters: A 0 , A 1 , A 2 , and A 3 . In other studies, the fitting has featured a different number of parameters, including two, 31 three, 31,46−49 four, 14,15,31,32,36,39,50 five, 5,10,13,45 and six 37 parameters, where the optimal number of fitting parameters were determined using several approaches, such as inspection of the variation of the standard deviation, 6,10,44,46−48 F-test, 31,36 and Akaike Information Criteria. 37 Equations 3 and 4 were also used to determine the standard deviation of other deviation properties, surface tension deviation (Δγ) and molar refraction deviation (ΔR), where Y is the value of the respective deviation property, as will be discussed in the subsequent sections.…”

“…15,34,51 The negative value of excess molar volumes can be explained by the existence of chemical interaction such as hydrogen bonding between unlike molecules of mixture that makes the contraction of solution volume. 31,52 Besides, the negative value rises from the structural factor include geometrical interstitial accommodation of molecules in each other's structure due to the differences in the size and shape of the molecules in the mixture. 31,47 In contrast, the positive value of excess molar volumes caused mainly by dispersion forces such as dipole−dipole or dipole-induced dipole interaction between the mixing components.…”

“…31,52 Besides, the negative value rises from the structural factor include geometrical interstitial accommodation of molecules in each other's structure due to the differences in the size and shape of the molecules in the mixture. 31,47 In contrast, the positive value of excess molar volumes caused mainly by dispersion forces such as dipole−dipole or dipole-induced dipole interaction between the mixing components. 51,52 The Vm E value is negative over the entire composition range for ML−M, EL−E, and BL−B mixtures, with a minimum at nearly equimolecular composition.…”

“…12 The negative Vm E value is also due to the differences in the size and shape of the component molecules of the mixtures, and the fitting of component molecules into each other's structure resulted in reduction of the volume. 6,31,53 Besides, the possibility that one of the components in the mixture forms a void for molecular interstitial accommodation of the other component results in closer molecular packing, which is reflected in negative Vm E values. 46,55 The less negative Vm E value was observed with the rise in the carbon chain length of alkyl levulinate from methyl levulinate to n-butyl levulinate, and the rise in the carbon chain length of n-alcohols from methanol to 1-butanol.…”

“…The molar refraction deviation indicates the electronic perturbation due to orbital mixing of components in a mixture. 31 Thus, the strength of the interaction between components in a mixture can be measured from ΔR. Studies reported the ΔR of binary mixtures based on volume fraction 14,15,31,[46][47][48]62,68,69 and mole fraction basis.…”