Density and Surface Tension of Electromagnetically Levitated Cu–Co–Fe Alloys

Abstract

The density and surface tension of Cu-Co-Fe alloys have been measured using the non-contact technique of electromagnetic levitation. At temperatures above and below the liquidus point, the density and surface tension are linear functions of temperature. The experimental density results can be predicted by means of the regular solution model from the binary phases alone, i.e., no assumption about ternary interactions needs to be made. The surface tension values are in good agreement with numerical solutions of the Butler equation if the known Gibbs excess energies are used. It is found that, for Cu-Co-Fe, it is possible to predict the surface tension from the binary systems as well. In addition to this, the surface tension is insensitive to substitution of the two transition metals, Co and Fe.

Viscosity measurements of molten refractory metals using an electrostatic levitator

“…To improve the accuracy of computer simulations in materials processing such as casting and crystal growth, knowledge of the thermophysical properties of high temperature metals and alloys is paramount. Noncontact techniques have been widely used for property determination of high temperature materials [1][2][3][4][5]. One of the most important properties among thermophysical properties is viscosity, since it corresponds to atomic mobility in the melt.…”

Measurement of Density of Fe-Co Alloys Using Electrostatic Levitation

“…Examples of the results of this type of density measurement of molten materials using EML can be found elsewhere. [10][11][12] In contrast, ESL utilizes repulsive Coulomb forces to cancel gravity. The size and mass of the sample generally are 2 to 3 mm in diameter and~40 mg, respectively.…”

Influence of Desulfurization with Fe2O3 on the Reduction of Nickel Converter Slag

“…It is of great importance to separate the matte from the slag for the recovery of valuable metals and some key performance parameters determines the separation of matte and slag, including density, viscosity and interfacial tension. Various studies have been carried out to investigate the matte and slag's interfacial tension and density in alloy-slag system [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. For molten slag systems, the density values of FeO x -SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 [13], FeO x -SiO 2 -MgO [13] and FeO x -SiO 2 -CaO-Al 2 O 3 [14] are in the range of 3.68~3.69 g/cm 3 , 3.61~3.69 g/cm 3 and 2.794~2.836 g/cm 3 respectively.…”

“…For molten matte systems, the density values of Fe-Ni-S [13], Ni-Cu-S [13] and Fe-Cu-Ni-S [15] are in the range of 3.82~5.18 g/cm 3 , 5.18~5.25 g/cm 3 and 3.92~5.59 g/cm 3 respectively. For molten metal systems, the density values of Ni-Cu-Fe [16], Fe [17], Ni [17] and Co-Cu-Fe [18] are in the range of 7.1~8.0 g/cm 3 , 6.905~7.25 g/cm 3 , 7.60~7.73 g/cm 3 and 7.22~7.62 g/cm 3 respectively. As for the interfacial tension between molten slag and matte, the values of Fe-Ni-S & FeO x -SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 , Fe-Ni-S and FeO x -SiO 2 -MgO are in the range of 0.005~0.180 N/m, 0.026~0.192 N/m [13].…”