Density change of water due to dissolution of carbon dioxide and near-field behavior of CO2 from a source on deep-sea floor

Ohsumi, Takashi; Nakashiki, Norikazu; Shitashima, Kiminori; Hirama, K.

doi:10.1016/0196-8904(92)90072-5

Cited by 64 publications

(53 citation statements)

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“…5 The density change was calculated using ρ/ DIC = 0.0120 g m −3 /(µmol kg −1 ) (Song et al, 2005). Since Bradshaw (1973) found 0.0110 g m −3 /(µmol kg −1 ) and Ohsumi et al (1992) found 0.0128 g m −3 /(µmol kg −1 ), the uncertainty in ρ/ DIC may be 20 %. density measurement, which is always less than 30 min.…”

Section: Air Saturationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(A2) given in Appendix A. Isotopic composition variations in the water of the pedosphere are even more significant. The D and 18 O isotopic abundances δ D and δ 18 in the natural seawater that was used as the raw material for the diluted seawater preparation at the area of sampling were measured in 1972 and made available by Ostlund et al (1987). The water which is deionized and used for dilution of the natural seawater (N. Higgs, personal communication, 2011) is tap water from Havant, UK, where the supplier of the IAPSO SSW is located.…”

Section: Isotopic Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The density–salinity relation of standard seawater

et al. 2018

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Abstract. The determination of salinity by means of electrical conductivity relies on stable salt proportions in the North Atlantic Ocean, because standard seawater, which is required for salinometer calibration, is produced from water of the North Atlantic. To verify the long-term stability of the standard seawater composition, it was proposed to perform measurements of the standard seawater density. Since the density is sensitive to all salt components, a density measurement can detect any change in the composition. A conversion of the density values to salinity can be performed by means of a density-salinity relation. To use such a relation with a target uncertainty in salinity comparable to that in salinity obtained from conductivity measurements, a density measurement with an uncertainty of 2 g m −3 is mandatory. We present a new density-salinity relation based on such accurate density measurements. The substitution measurement method used is described and density corrections for uniform isotopic and chemical compositions are reported. The comparison of densities calculated using the new relation with those calculated using the present reference equations of state TEOS-10 suggests that the density accuracy of TEOS-10 (as well as that of EOS-80) has been overestimated, as the accuracy of some of its underlying density measurements had been overestimated. The new density-salinity relation may be used to verify the stable composition of standard seawater by means of routine density measurements.

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Section: Air Saturationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Isotopic Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The density–salinity relation of standard seawater

et al. 2018

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“…Furthermore, dissolution of CO 2 increases the density of water, and it was suggested by Drange et al (1993) that a gravity current could be achieved toward the deep ocean if sufficiently dense CO 2 -enriched water (Haugan and Drange 1992) were released on a sloping bottom. Disposal of liquid CO 2 at depths where it is denser than seawater (Ͼ3,000 m) is expected to fill topographic depressions and, in turn, accumulate as a large lake of CO 2 (Ohsumi 1993) over which a thin hydrate layer forms and retards the dissolution. The hydrate films are not perfect insulators against the interliquid-phase CO 2 transfer, and they are continuously ''metabolized'' through decomposition of aged crystals and formation of new crystals (Mori 1998).…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The values of the parameters , p, n, r c , , and given above are retained for all cases in which hydrate is present. Following Ohsumi et al (1992), the thickness of the BBL for cases 1-3 is taken as h ϭ 100 m, which is about 14 times the Ekman layer thickness, ␦ E , obtained from Eq. 1 for f ϭ O(10 Ϫ4 ) s…”

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolution from a liquid CO² lake disposed in the deep ocean

Fer

Haugan

2003

Limnology & Oceanography

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The dissolution from a liquid CO 2 lake source located at a flat ocean bottom at 3,000 m depth is investigated. Using the unsteady, two-dimensional advection-diffusion equation, temporal and spatial distribution of CO 2 dissolved from the source of 500 m length and of unit span is sought in a domain of 20 km horizontal and 200 m vertical extent. Different cases were run with uniform longitudinal speed and constant horizontal and vertical diffusion coefficients and with vertical profiles of velocity and diffusivity derived from turbulent boundary layer theory. Each case was run with and without a hydrate film at the interface between the seawater and the liquid CO 2 . The properties of the hydrate film are modeled using a capillary permeation model. The computations show that the presence of a hydrate layer retards the dissolution rate by a factor of 2.7 when the density effects due to the increase of CO 2 concentration as a result of the dissolution are neglected. However, the strong, stable stratification above the hydrate layer, as a consequence of the increase in density of seawater enriched by CO 2 , suppresses the vertical mixing considerably and reduces the sensitivity to hydrate. The dissolution rate is found to be 0.1 m yr Ϫ1for realistic vertical profiles of longitudinal velocity (order of 5 cm s Ϫ1 ) and diffusivity. However, during conditions of a benthic storm (20 cm s Ϫ1 ), the dissolution rate reaches 1.6 m yr Ϫ1.Enhanced emission of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), to the atmosphere is widely accepted to affect the global climate system (Houghton et al. 1995). The atmospheric CO 2 content at present is about 25% higher than preindustrial levels. Over the past two decades, multidisciplinary research has been intensified with a focus to stabilize the CO 2 level in the atmosphere. One of the potential options to mitigate atmospheric levels is to capture it from fossil fuel combustors and purposefully dispose of and sequester it elsewhere (e.g., in ocean, deep saline aquifers, depleted gas and oil wells, coal beds, etc.). The ocean appears to be a preferable option because it is the largest potential sink for anthropogenic CO 2 . Marchetti (1977) was the first to propose ocean disposal to accelerate the natural ocean uptake of atmospheric CO 2 . He suggested that efficient long-term sequestration could be achieved through the Gibraltar Strait, where the outflow of dense water cascades to ϳ1,000 m depth and, in consequence, spreads out in the North Atlantic.The research on ocean disposal options has mostly focused on predicting the behavior and the dissolution time scale of the released CO 2 and on quantifying the environmental impacts to marine systems (see, e.g., Handa and Ohsumi 1995). Different scenarios of CO 2 disposal in the ocean have been proposed at various depths and in different forms in relation to the phase properties of CO 2 . The phase diagram for the CO 2 -water system shows that when pressure is greater than ϳ4.5 MPa and the temperature is less than 9.85Њ...

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“…A possibility of cyclic gas bursts from lakes which are charged by a gas influx from the lake bottoms was also pointed out by Tietze (1992). He argued that dissolution of CO 2(aq) will inevitably create a stratification of the lake because the density of CO 2 -containing water is higher than that of pure water, due to a small partial volume of dissolved CO 2(aq) in water (Ohsumi et al, 1992), and that the stratification will limit upward gas transport, leading to an accumulation of the gas below the stratified layers. If limnic eruptions take place repetitively on a timescale of ~100 years, evidence of past eruptions might be found in geological records and local documents.…”

Section: -3 Repetitive Nature Of a Limnic Eruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lakes Nyos and Monoun Gas Disasters (Cameroon)—Limnic Eruptions Caused by Excessive Accumulation of Magmatic CO<sub>2</sub> in Crater Lakes

Kusakabe¹

2017

GEochem. Monogr. Ser.

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Density change of water due to dissolution of carbon dioxide and near-field behavior of CO2 from a source on deep-sea floor

Cited by 64 publications

References 4 publications

The density–salinity relation of standard seawater

The density–salinity relation of standard seawater

Dissolution from a liquid CO² lake disposed in the deep ocean

Lakes Nyos and Monoun Gas Disasters (Cameroon)—Limnic Eruptions Caused by Excessive Accumulation of Magmatic CO<sub>2</sub> in Crater Lakes

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Density change of water due to dissolution of carbon dioxide and near-field behavior of CO2 from a source on deep-sea floor

Cited by 64 publications

References 4 publications

The density–salinity relation of standard seawater

The density–salinity relation of standard seawater

Dissolution from a liquid CO2 lake disposed in the deep ocean

Lakes Nyos and Monoun Gas Disasters (Cameroon)—Limnic Eruptions Caused by Excessive Accumulation of Magmatic CO<sub>2</sub> in Crater Lakes

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Dissolution from a liquid CO² lake disposed in the deep ocean