Density of Ethyl Acetate-Palm Oil Mixture in Supercritical Condition

Abstract

The non-catalytic interesterification of palm oil in supercritical ethyl acetate in continuous system to produce biofuel is complex to understand thermodynamic properties during extreme condition, particularly density of two reactants. In this study, an indirect procedure for density measurement of palm oil and ethyl acetate mixture in a batch system at high temperature and pressure was experimentally investigated using isochoric method. Its apparatus comprise a constant volume reactor which was individually loaded with a mixture of ethyl acetate and palm oil in different molar ratios (10:1 to 30:1) and global densities (0.26 to 0.53 g/cm 3). During temperature increment, the changing of pressure was recorded in real-time to obtain the pressure-temperature relationship. After measuring the change of pressure at various global densities, the pressure-temperature related specific global density diagram was successfully constructed. At high global densities and high molar ratios of ethyl acetate to palm oil, the transition point took place closing to the estimated phase boundaries separating the region of vapor-liquid and homogenous phase of the mixture. The results will be further employed as database for accurate residence time calculation in continuous reactor, especially for biofuel production from palm oil in supercritical ethyl acetate.

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“…Among all carboxylate esters, supercritical MTA provided the highest yield of 97.7 wt% at 350 °C and 17.8 MPa. Komintarachat et al investigated biofuel synthesis from palm oil in supercritical ETA using both batch [49] and tubular continuous reactors [50]. In a continuous system, the highest yield was 90.9 wt%, which was a mixture of FAEEs, TA, and diacetin, was obtained at 380 °C, 16 MPa, and a 1:30 molar ratio of oil to ETA.…”

Biofuel production from spent coffee grounds by supercritical ethyl acetate

“…In this section, the different feed flow rate was presented to find the optimal feed flow rate which can give the highest yield of FAEE in product. The calculation of residence time shows in appendix B [62].…”

“…The global density of the feed mixture was calculated from the study of global density of palm oil and ethyl acetate mixture [62]. The global density of the coffee oil mixture and the residence time in each condition are shown in…”