Density of quaternary glasses in the MgO‐CaO‐Al₂O₃‐SiO₂‐system—modeling vs measurement

Abstract

The densities of quaternary glass-forming systems within the CaO-MgO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -composition (CMAS) were evaluated. Their compositions differed not more than 5 mol% for each component from each other. After melting, the exact chemical compositions were measured using X-ray fluorescence and the densities were determined by Archimedes method and pycnometry. This property and its dependency upon small variations in the composition is the main focus of this paper.The density values were between 2.617 and 2.700 g/cm³ and the packing density factors V p of the oxide glasses using the ionic radii of Pauling ranged from 0.562 to 0.574. The experimentally determined data were compared to different model calculations. Calculations performed according to empirical formulae given in the literature showed relative deviations between À5 and 12% to the experimental values. The effect of MgO was also studied by comparing the glasses with similar compositions (Ceram Int, 2016;42:5810-5822 ) without any MgO.

Phase stability, microstructure, and dielectric properties of quaternary oxides In12Ti10A2BO42 (A: Ga or Al; B: Mg or Zn)

“…To impulse the advance on materials for modern technological applications, investigation of new materials has extended towards the study of ternary and quaternary systems. Research in quaternary ceramic compounds, glasses, polycrystals, single crystals, nanomaterials, and thin films opens up a new possibility to find important materials with novel physical properties. Many of these materials have presented good thermal stability and interesting magnetic and electrical properties making them prominent candidates as functional devices.…”

Data‐driven prediction of room‐temperature density for multicomponent silicate‐based glasses

“…Empirical models based on ionic packing ratio have been widely used for glass density prediction. 5,7,13,17,18 The ionic packing ratio 𝑉 𝑝 is defined using the following equation 65 :…”

“…where the ionic packing ratio 𝑉 𝑝 can be approximately taken as a constant, for example, 0.53, 0.56, or 0.57, according to several previous studies. 5,7,13 The predictive performance of Equation ( 11) with constant 𝑉 𝑝 of 0.53, 0.56, and 0.57 is presented in Figure S2, with the corresponding error metrics summarized in Table 3. It is clear from Table 3 and Figure S2 that constant 𝑉 𝑝 values of 0.56 and 0.57 exhibit better predictive performance (e.g., higher R 2 values and lower RMSE and MAPE) than a constant 𝑉 𝑝 of 0.53.…”

“…[1][2][3][4] One of the most important fundamental properties of interest for these glasses and their associated applications is density, which is often needed for the calculation of other important glass properties such as thermal conductivity, refractive index, and elastic and optical properties. [5][6][7][8] Hence, calculating and predicting the density of glasses and melt from their chemical composition have been an area of interest in many fields, 5,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15] especially considering the high cost of density measurement at high temperatures. 15 One important direction for predicting compositiondensity relationships rests on empirical models.…”

“…15 One important direction for predicting compositiondensity relationships rests on empirical models. These include early density models based on the partial density constant/factor of individual oxide components, 16 the empirical polynomial model developed by Fluegel 10 based on silicate glass density data from SciGlass and density models based on ionic packing ratios 5,7,13,17,18 and partial molar volume. 14,15 These empirical models give density predictions with errors generally less than 10%.…”