“…where r p is the ionic radius, n i is the molar frac-tion, N A is the Avagadro number and V m is the molar volume. It is observed that the ion packing ratio decreases with the decrease of ionic radius in the order Ca\ K\Li \ Pb \ Na as reported in literature [32]. Among all the glasses studied, sodium glass has the lowest ion packing ratio.…”
Section: Physical Propertiessupporting
confidence: 77%
“…Table 1 gives some of the physical properties of the Er 3 + doped chlorophosphate glasses which are calculated from the densities, refractive indices and average molecular weights of the glasses. The ion packing ratio (V P ) which is the property of the glass host is calculated using the formula [32]:…”
Spectroscopic properties of Er3+ ions in different chlorophosphate glasses 50P2O5-30Na2HPO4-19.8RCl (R = Li, Na, K, Ca and Pb) are studied. The direct and indirect optical band gaps (Eopt) and the various spectroscopic parameters (E1, E2, E3, and zeta4f and alpha) are reported. The oscillator strengths of the transitions in the absorption spectrum are parameterized in terms of three Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters (omega2, omega4 and omega6). These intensity parameters are used to predict the transition probabilities (A), radiative lifetimes (tauR), branching ratios (beta) and integrated cross sections (sigma) for stimulated emission. Attention has been paid to the trend of the intensity parameters over hypersensitive transitions and optical band gaps. The lifetimes and branching ratios of certain transitions are compared with other glass matrices.
“…where r p is the ionic radius, n i is the molar frac-tion, N A is the Avagadro number and V m is the molar volume. It is observed that the ion packing ratio decreases with the decrease of ionic radius in the order Ca\ K\Li \ Pb \ Na as reported in literature [32]. Among all the glasses studied, sodium glass has the lowest ion packing ratio.…”
Section: Physical Propertiessupporting
confidence: 77%
“…Table 1 gives some of the physical properties of the Er 3 + doped chlorophosphate glasses which are calculated from the densities, refractive indices and average molecular weights of the glasses. The ion packing ratio (V P ) which is the property of the glass host is calculated using the formula [32]:…”
Spectroscopic properties of Er3+ ions in different chlorophosphate glasses 50P2O5-30Na2HPO4-19.8RCl (R = Li, Na, K, Ca and Pb) are studied. The direct and indirect optical band gaps (Eopt) and the various spectroscopic parameters (E1, E2, E3, and zeta4f and alpha) are reported. The oscillator strengths of the transitions in the absorption spectrum are parameterized in terms of three Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters (omega2, omega4 and omega6). These intensity parameters are used to predict the transition probabilities (A), radiative lifetimes (tauR), branching ratios (beta) and integrated cross sections (sigma) for stimulated emission. Attention has been paid to the trend of the intensity parameters over hypersensitive transitions and optical band gaps. The lifetimes and branching ratios of certain transitions are compared with other glass matrices.
“…The effect of lowering viscosity is normally associated with ions that adopt octahedral coordination [16]. Morinaga et al [17] deemed that it leads to increasing the percentage of Ti 4+ ion in octahedral symmetry to that of total Ti 4+ ions with decreasing basicity (CaO/SiO 2 ). Therefore, it is expected that the effect of TiO 2 in lowering viscosity should be greater at lower basicity levels. Figure 4. Effect of TiO 2 additions on the viscosity of CaO–SiO 2 –Al 2 O 3 –TiO 2 slag at different temperature.…”
The viscosities of high titanium containing slag with TiO 2 ranging from 23 to 43 mass%, Al 2 O 3 9 mass% and CaO/SiO 2 ranging from 0.3 to 0.7 were experimentally determined by the rotating cylinder method. Experiments were conducted in the temperature range of 1573-1873 K. The effects of TiO 2 , basicity, and temperature on viscosity were studied. The experimental results indicated that above the liquidus temperatures, the viscosities decrease with TiO 2 and basicity increasing. And increasing on CaO content should be more effective in depolymerizing slag structure and lowering viscosity compared to TiO 2 addition. Moreover TiO 2 behaved as a weak acid oxide in the experiment slags by XPS analysis. Based on the experimental data of CaO-SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -TiO 2 quaternary system, the activation energy of viscous flow was calculated between 115 and 141 kJ mol −1 depending on the slag composition.
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