Density of Water + Carbon Dioxide at Elevated Pressures:  Measurements and Correlation

Hebach, Andreas; Oberhof, Alexander; Dahmen, Nicolaus

doi:10.1021/je034260i

Cited by 125 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Figure 6(b) shows how data available in the literature for the aqueous phase densities of the CO2 + H2O binary compare with the new data, as well as densities calculated using the EOS-CG of Gernert and Span [32]. The new data extend, and are consistent with, the data sets reported by Hebach et al [7], Yan et al [25] and Yaginuma et al [11], which have a similar degree of scatter to the current work. In contrast, the data of Chiquet et al [9] have relative deviations of as much as -1.2 % from the calculated densities, with an average of -0.3 % and a standard deviation of 0.3 %, which is about three times larger than the standard deviation of the data reported here.…”

Section: Aqueous Phase Of Co2 + H2osupporting

confidence: 85%

“…(a) Symbols: this work , T = 293 K; , T = 298 K; , T = 308 K; , T = 323 K; , T = 343 K; , T = 373 K; , T = 398 K; , T = 423 K; , T = 448 K. Curves: ρaq predicted using the EOS of Spycher et al [16], [18] (for saturated phase composition) in place of the Duan et al [14] at the experimental conditions studied in this work. (b) Symbols: , this work; , Chiquet et al [9]; , Yan et al [36]; , Hebach et al [7]; ,Tabasinejad et al [10]; , Yaginuma et al [11]. Curves: ρaq predicted (entirely) with the EOS-CG of Span and co-workers [32] at the experimental conditions studied in this work.…”

Section: Aqueous Phase Of Co2 + H2omentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The density of the CO2-rich phase in aqueous mixtures is often approximated by that of pure CO2 at the same pressure and temperature [7]. This approximation is reasonable because the solubility of water in the CO2 phase is much lower than that of CO2 in an aqueous phase, and was explicitly part of the approach taken by Spycher et al at temperatures below 373 K [16; 17].…”

Section: Existing Models For Predicting Saturated Phase Densitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Saturated phase densities of (CO 2 + H 2 O) at temperatures from (293 to 450) K and pressures up to 64 MPa

Efika

Hoballah

et al. 2016

The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics

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An apparatus consisting of an equilibrium cell connected to two vibrating tube densimeters and two syringe pumps was used to measure the saturated phase densities of CO2 + H2O at temperatures from (293 to 450) K and pressures up to 64 MPa, with estimated average standard uncertainties of 1.5 kg·m -3 for the CO2-rich phase and 1.0 kg·m -3 for the aqueous phase. The densimeters were housed in the same thermostat as the equilibrium cell and were calibrated in-situ using pure water, CO2 and helium. Following mixing, samples of each saturated phase were displaced sequentially at constant pressure from the equilibrium cell into the vibrating tube densimeters connected to the top (CO2-rich phase) and bottom (aqueous phase) of the cell. The aqueous phase densities are predicted to within 3 kg·m -3 using empirical models for the phase compositions and partial molar volumes of each . The density of the CO2-rich phase was always within about 8 kg·m -3 of the density for pure CO2 at the same pressure and temperature; the differences were most positive near the critical density, and became negative at temperatures above about 373 K and pressures below about 10 MPa. For this phase, the multi-parameter EOS of Gernert and Span describes the measured densities to within 5 kg·m -3, whereas the computationally-efficient cubic EOS model of Spycher and Pruess [Transport in Porous Media 2010, 82, 173-196], commonly used in simulations of subsurface CO2 sequestration, deviates from the experimental data by a maximum of about 3 kg·m -3.

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Section: Aqueous Phase Of Co2 + H2osupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Aqueous Phase Of Co2 + H2omentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Existing Models For Predicting Saturated Phase Densitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Saturated phase densities of (CO 2 + H 2 O) at temperatures from (293 to 450) K and pressures up to 64 MPa

Efika

Hoballah

et al. 2016

The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics

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“…We assume our water liquid is saturated with CO 2 . The results of Teng et al (1997) are in agreement with solution densities from Hebach et al (2004) and Garcia (2001). We see from fig.9 that clathrates tend to keep the solubility of CO 2 lower than the value when in equilibrium with the pure fluid of CO 2 .…”

Section: The Co 2 Si Clathrate Phase Diagramsupporting

confidence: 87%

The Abundance of Atmospheric CO₂ in Ocean Exoplanets: a Novel CO₂ Deposition Mechanism

Levi

Sasselov

Podolak

2017

ApJ

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We consider super-Earth sized planets which have a water mass fraction that is large enough to form an external mantle composed of high pressure water ice polymorphs and that lack a substantial H/He atmosphere. We consider such planets in their habitable zone so that their outermost condensed mantle is a global deep liquid ocean. For these ocean planets we investigate potential internal reservoirs of CO 2 ; the amount of CO 2 dissolved in the ocean for the various saturation conditions encountered, and the ocean-atmosphere exchange flux of CO 2 . We find that in steady state the abundance of CO 2 in the atmosphere has two possible states. When the wind-driven circulation is the dominant CO 2 exchange mechanism, an atmosphere of tens of bars of CO 2 results, where the exact value depends on the subtropical ocean surface temperature and the deep ocean temperature. When sea-ice formation, acting on these planets as a CO 2 deposition mechanism, is the dominant exchange mechanism, an atmosphere of a few bars of CO 2 is established. The exact value depends on the subpolar surface temperature. Our results suggest the possibility of a negative feedback mechanism, unique to water planets, where a reduction in the subpolar temperature drives more CO 2 into the atmosphere to increase the greenhouse effect.

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“…Subscripts m and w denote the CO 2 + water mixture and the initial water, respectively. Both viscosity [1,29] and density [9,25] are functions of the CO 2 concentration and increase with increasing carbon dioxide concentration. The pressure in both phases is the same as we ignore the capillary forces and therefore p m = p w = p. The saturated density difference between an aqueous solution of CO 2 and pure water is given by c ρ p g , where the value of the c ρ = 0.261 kg/m 3 /bar for pure water (see [21], p. 72); c ρ will be less for formation brines, because the solubility of CO 2 in water decreases with increasing salinity.…”

Section: Governing Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An empirical theory for gravitationally unstable flow in porous media

et al. 2013

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In this paper, we follow a similar procedure as proposed by Koval (SPE J 3(2): [145][146][147][148][149][150][151][152][153][154] 1963) to analytically model CO 2 transfer between the overriding carbon dioxide layer and the brine layer below it. We show that a very thin diffusive layer on top separates the interface from a gravitationally unstable convective flow layer below it. Flow in the gravitationally unstable layer is described by the theory of Koval, a theory that is widely used and which describes miscible displacement as a pseudo two-phase flow problem. The pseudo two-phase flow problem provides the average concentration of CO 2 in the brine as a function of distance. We find that downstream of the diffusive layer, the solution of the convective part of the model, is a rarefaction solution that starts at the saturation corresponding to the highest value of the fractional-flow function. The model uses two free parameters, viz., a dilution factor and a gravity fingering index. A comparison of the Koval model with the horizontally averaged concentrations obtained from 2-D numerical simulations provides a correlation for the two parameters with the Rayleigh number. The obtained scaling relations can be used in numerical simulators to account for the density-driven natural convection, which cannot be currently captured because the grid cells are typically orders of magnitude

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Density of Water + Carbon Dioxide at Elevated Pressures: Measurements and Correlation

Cited by 125 publications

References 8 publications

Saturated phase densities of (CO 2 + H 2 O) at temperatures from (293 to 450) K and pressures up to 64 MPa

Saturated phase densities of (CO 2 + H 2 O) at temperatures from (293 to 450) K and pressures up to 64 MPa

The Abundance of Atmospheric CO₂ in Ocean Exoplanets: a Novel CO₂ Deposition Mechanism

An empirical theory for gravitationally unstable flow in porous media

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Density of Water + Carbon Dioxide at Elevated Pressures: Measurements and Correlation

Cited by 125 publications

References 8 publications

Saturated phase densities of (CO 2 + H 2 O) at temperatures from (293 to 450) K and pressures up to 64 MPa

Saturated phase densities of (CO 2 + H 2 O) at temperatures from (293 to 450) K and pressures up to 64 MPa

The Abundance of Atmospheric CO2 in Ocean Exoplanets: a Novel CO2 Deposition Mechanism

An empirical theory for gravitationally unstable flow in porous media

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The Abundance of Atmospheric CO₂ in Ocean Exoplanets: a Novel CO₂ Deposition Mechanism