“…The fact that these bacteria are associated to sulfur-containing compounds might be linked to their potential role in the sulfur cycle. Pseudomonas for example dominates the arylsulfatase bacterial communities in the OSR rhizosphere (Cregut et al, 2009) and this enzyme (produced by microorganisms in order to mineralize organic sulfur) is present both in the roots and in the rhizosphere of this plant (Knauff et al, 2003). A plant undergoing herbivory could send external signals to recruit bacteria, which could stimulate the synthesis of plant defense compounds (e.g., GSLs).…”
Section: Relationship Between Bacterial Genera and Root Chemistry In mentioning
“…The fact that these bacteria are associated to sulfur-containing compounds might be linked to their potential role in the sulfur cycle. Pseudomonas for example dominates the arylsulfatase bacterial communities in the OSR rhizosphere (Cregut et al, 2009) and this enzyme (produced by microorganisms in order to mineralize organic sulfur) is present both in the roots and in the rhizosphere of this plant (Knauff et al, 2003). A plant undergoing herbivory could send external signals to recruit bacteria, which could stimulate the synthesis of plant defense compounds (e.g., GSLs).…”
Section: Relationship Between Bacterial Genera and Root Chemistry In mentioning
“…The rhizosphere microbial diversity of OSR has been investigated in a range of contexts, including comparison of diversity between OSR and other crops; sites; growth stages; or GM-status Dunfield and Germida 2001;Berg et al 2002;Misko and Germida 2002;Berg et al 2005Berg et al , 2006Costa et al 2006a, b;Cregut et al 2009;Farina et al 2012). Hilton et al (2013) investigated the impact of short-rotation cropping of OSR on microbial diversity and found that significant shifts in soil and rhizosphere fungal and bacterial communities occurred with different rotational frequencies of OSR grown in a long-term field trial.…”
Glasshouse bioassays were conducted to assess the impact of different inputs of oilseed rape plant material on soil and rhizosphere microbial diversity associated with subsequently grown oilseed rape (Brassica napus) plants. The first bioassay focussed on the effect of oilseed rape rhizodeposits and fresh detached root material on microbial communities, in a rapid-cycling experiment in which oilseed rape plants were grown successively in pots of field soil for 4 weeks at a time, with six cycles of repeated vegetative planting in the same pot.Molecular analyses of the microbial communities after each cycle showed that the obligate parasite Olpidium brassicae infected the roots of oilseed rape within 4 weeks after the first planting (irrespective of the influence of rhizodeposits alone or in the presence of fresh detached root material), and consistently dominated the rhizosphere fungal community, ranging in relative abundance from 43 to 88 % when oilseed rape was grown more than once in the same soil. Fresh detached root material also led to a reduction in diversity within the soil fungal community, due to the increased relative abundance of O. brassicae. In addition, rhizosphere bacterial communities were found to have a reduced diversity over time when fresh root material was retained in the soil. In the second glasshouse experiment, the effect of incorporating mature, field-derived oilseed rape crop residues (shoots and root material) on microbial communities associated with subsequently grown oilseed rape was investigated. As before, molecular analyses revealed that O. brassicae dominated the rhizosphere fungal community, despite not being prevalent in either the residue material or soil fungal communities.
“…For example, for Microbacterium and Rhodococcus isolates, only a membrane arylsulfatase was found. The membrane arylsulfatase was induced both by substrate presence or S demand independently (Cregut et al 2013). Potentially, the activity of these microorganisms could be inhibited.Fig.…”
This study analysed the effectiveness of innovative (basalt meal, brown algae extract) and conventional (barley straw) substances which hypothetically alleviate the inhibiting effect of Cd2+ on biochemical properties of soil, with particular regard to the activity of arylsulfatase. An analysis of their potential was carried out based on the activity of arylsulfatase and the number of Pseudomonas sp. determined on the 25th and 50th days of the study. Cd2+ was applied in the following doses: 0, 4, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200 mg Cd2+ kg−1 of DM soil, in the form of CdCl2·2.5H2O. A complex formulation of the issue was obtained from the presentation of biochemical properties using the RS (resistance of soil) index. Cadmium caused permanent adverse effects in the soil environment, inhibiting the activity of arylsulfatase and the yield of spring barley. The consequences of stress connected with increasing Cd2+ pollution were intensified by an elongation of the accumulation time of the tested metal in the soil. Chances for regeneration of the soil may be sought, most of all, with the application of straw and, to a lesser degree, with basalt meal. Brown algae did not meet the expectations for its potential. An increase in the studied parameters also resulted from sowing the soil with spring barley.
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